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Nanomedicine Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saima Zulfiqar, Zunaira Naeem, Shahzad Sharif, Ayoub Rashid Ch., M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Nanotechnology is not limited for the conventional methods of therapeutic and vaccine designs, but presents use of advanced bio-mimetic approaches as well as nanomaterials in preventing outbreak of COVID like diseases. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) (Figure 12.7) having size <10 nm and surface potential ranging –7.9 to –39.2 mv, that were post-synthetic functional-ized, were utilized for reducing the infectious effect of human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) by Szunerits and his co-workers [217]. These inhibited not only the spread of infection in Huh-7 cells but also inactivate the metabolic machinery of HCoV-229E. Carbon quantum dots functionalized with boronic acid inactivated these viruses with maximum efficiency of 5.2 ± 0.7 μg mL–1. These boronic acid CQDs are used in the form of biomimetic nanodecoys such as liposomal articulations, renovated lipoproteins, and cell-membrane nanocomposites, which help in entrapping these viruses when their receptors of S-protein interact with cell membrane containing these nanodecoys [217].
Order Amarillovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Furthermore, the mammalian cells, namely the human hepatocyte-derived cell line Huh7, served as a real source of the potent HCV VLP vaccine. First, Earnest-Silveira et al. (2016b) produced VLPs of 40–80 nm in size, which incorporated the proteins C, E1, and E2 of HCV genotype 1a, elucidated their biochemical and morphological properties, as well as fine details of immune response in mice. Second, Earnest-Silveira et al. (2016a) presented a reliable protocol for the large-scale production of the quadrivalent HCV VLPs formed by the HCV proteins C, E1, and E2 of the genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, or 3a after coexpression in Huh7 cell factories using a recombinant adenoviral expression system. The high efficiency of the quadrivalent HCV VLP vaccine was demonstrated in mice (Christiansen et al. 2018a, b) and pigs, the closest animal model to humans, after primates (Christiansen et al. 2019).
Marine Fungi-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Potential as Future Drugs for Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Syed Shams Ul Hassan, Hui-Zi Jin, Abdur Rauf, Saud Bawazeer, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
An alkaloid gliotoxin (image 37 in Figure 8.3) was isolated from the marine fungus (Aspergillus sp.) that was obtained from the marine sediment collected from an Indian ocean from the depth of 4530 m. The compound (37) was isolated by liquid rotary fermentation based on OSMAC technique to get different compounds; and it was evaluated for pharmacological activities, such as anti-tubercular, antibacterial, and cytotoxic. The compound (37) displayed potent anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis with MIC50 value of 0.030 μM. Moreover, the anti-tubercular efficacy in terms of inhibition was superior to positive control INH suggesting that Sulphur-bridge may improve the efficacy. The compound (37) also exhibited significant selective in vitrocytotoxicity against A549, K562, and Huh-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.015, 0.191, and 95.4 μM, respectively. Additionally, deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO Ind09F01 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, such as S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella [37].
pH-Responsive and liver-targeting drug delivery system for combination delivery of artesunate with arsenic trioxide prodrug against hepatocellular carcinoma
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Xuwang Pan, Jinsong Huang, Shourong Liu, Yidan Shao, Jianjun Xi, Ruoyu He, Tingting Shi, Rangxiao Zhuang, Wenying Yu
HepG2, Hep3b, HCCLM3, Huh-7, and SMMC-7721 cells were cultured in DMEM-H medium (SMMC-7721 in RPMI 1640) containing penicillin, streptomycin, and 10% FBS. THLE-2 cells were cultured in BEGM medium containing penicillin, streptomycin, 5 ng/mL EGF, 70 ng/mL phosphoethanolamine, and 10% FBS. When the cells fusion reached 90%, the medium was discarded and the cells were washed twice with 2 ml of phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The PBS was discarded and 2 ml of 0.25% trypsin-0.02% EDTA mixed digestive solution was added. Under microscopy, when the cells became round, 2 ml complete media was added to stop digestion, and the cells were gently blown, collected, and centrifuged at 800 rpm at 4 °C for 5 min. Then, the supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended with a complete culture medium and cultured in separate bottles, changing the medium every other day.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid engineering in liver-directed gene therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Esther Rodríguez-Márquez, Nadja Meumann, Hildegard Büning
In 2014, Lisowski et al. developed AAV-LK03, a variant that shares 98% DNA and amino acid homology with AAV3B. This variant was selected from a shuffled library (AAV3B, AAV1, AAV2, AAV4, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9) in the humanized FRG mouse model. Since adenovirus type 5 supports AAV replication in human cells, the selection of variants with tropism for human hepatocytes was forced by adding adenovirus for sub-library production. AAV-LK03 shows a species-restricted specificity toward human cells. In detail, a preference for human hepatocytes was shown in Huh7 xenografted NOD/SCID mice in which only Huh7 tumors but not mouse liver was transduced by AAV-LK03. In culture, AAV-LK03 transduced primary human hepatocytes 3-, 67-, and 6.5-fold better than AAV-DJ, AAV8, and AAV3B, respectively. It was also shown to be more resistant to IgG neutralization. Furthermore, when compared to AAV8 in humanized FRG mice, a clear preference of AAV-LK03 for human hepatocytes was demonstrated, reaching an efficiency of 43%, which is 10-fold better than AAV8. The authors stated that this efficiency might even be underestimated because AAV-LK03 requires more time to uncoat and, therefore, to deploy transgene expression [102] (Table 1).
Application of ɑ-Tocotrienol-Loaded Biocompatible Precirol in Attenuation of Doxorubicin Dose-Dependent Behavior in HUH-7 Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Ailar Tupal, Mehdi Sabzichi, Roya Bazzaz, Nazila Fathi Maroufi, Maryam Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammadbagher Pirouzpanah, Fatemeh Ramezani
ɑ-Tocotrienol, DOX, Miglyol 812 (caprylic/capric triglycerides), Poloxamer 407, and MTT, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (Steinheim, Germany). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and RPMI 1640 medium were supported from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA). Precirol® ATO5 (Glyceryl distearate) was purchased from Gattefosse (Saint PeriestCedex, France). The human HUH-7 hepatocarcinoma cells were procured from National Cell Bank (Pasteur institute, Iran). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) glutamine, streptomycin, and penicillin G, were provided from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Auckland, New Zealand). SYBR green PCR Master Mix and primers, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis kit (Ebioscience), and propidium iodine (PI) were supplied from Institute of Epidemiology of Russia (Moscow, Russia).