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Biobased Products for Viral Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Jéssica Missilany da Costa
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease that can lead to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. The currently available treatment with interferon plus ribavirin has limited benefits due to adverse side effects such as anemia, depression, fatigue and flu-like symptoms. Although there is an effective vaccine against the hepatitis B virus (HBV), chronic infection poses an enormous health burden to the world (Hoofnagle 1990).
Viral hepatitis in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
More commonly, hepatitis B comes to the attention of the clinician from the adoption of the universal hepatitis B screening during prenatal visit in the United States. Hepatitis C should be tested in high-risk patients. If found to be positive, they should be referred to the hepatologist/gastroenterologist to determine the status of hepatitis B or C, severity of liver disease, and to help with management of liver disease postdelivery. It is important to screen for these diseases because many times, for a young healthy female patient, the obstetrician may be the only doctor they will see. Once diagnosed, it allows the clinician the golden opportunity to talk about public health issues, mode of transmission of hepatitis, ways to prevent progression of liver disease (e.g., quit drugs and alcohol), referral to a hepatologist for possible treatment options, and cancer screening for the liver (if relevant).
Latent Class Analysis
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
Hepatitis C is a widespread, communicable disease that may lead to cirrhosis and sometimes cancer of the liver. More than 170 million people, 3% of the world’s population, are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The goal of a study of 3,092 subjects was to use LCA to identify groups based on level of knowledge of hepatitis C virus (KSHCV) transmission as well as describe and explain the influence of sociodemographic variation in group lay knowledge and understanding of HCV [32]. This study used secondary data from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional, telephone survey. Further details on the BRFSS sampling design as well as more general procedures are available in the BRFSS User’s Guide (CDC, 2005). The hepatitis C module administered in Arizona was a state-added module and not part of the standard or rotating BRFSS cores.
Emergency department testing is feasible but ineffective to eliminate hepatitis C in Denmark
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2021
Jessica Jennifer Wentworth, Anne Lindebo Holm Øvrehus, Janne Fulgsang Hansen, Peter Biesenbach, Peer Brehm Christensen
In order to validate our findings, we extracted diagnoses of drug use and chronic hepatitis C from the Danish National Patient Register. Data were extracted for all ED attendees during the study period (n = 14,770) from the years 2003 to 2020. Amongst all patients, 69 (0.5%) had a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C and 153 (1.0%) had a drug-related diagnosis (list of diagnoses in Appendix 3). The corresponding numbers for the study participants were five (1.0%) HCV and 10 (2.0%) with a drug-related diagnosis (Appendix 4). The diagnosis register identified all cases of hepatitis C included in our study, and all of these patients acknowledged having been tested previously. There was one false positive hepatitis C diagnosis in the register. In contrast, 44 patients reported non-injecting drug use without having a diagnosis and three with a diagnosis of drug use did not report this behaviour at interview. Thus the sensitivity and specificity for a HCV-diagnosis in the register was high (100% and 80%, respectively), whereas the sensitivity and specificity of a drug-related diagnosis in the register was 13.7% and 99.3%, respectively.
Absence of interferon-λ 4 enhances spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-3 infection
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Jesper Waldenström, Martin Kåberg, Marianne Alanko Blomé, Anders Widell, Per Björkman, Staffan Nilsson, Anders Hammarberg, Ola Weiland, Kristina Nyström, Martin Lagging
The onset of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often challenging to determine due to the frequent absence of symptoms [10]. However, frequent serological and molecular surveillance of high-risk populations can uniquely identify acute HCV infections. Two recent Swedish studies investigated HCV incidence and spontaneous clearance rates of incident HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID). In the study from Southern Sweden (Malmö), antibodies against HCV were detected at study entry in 60%, and the incidence of new HCV infections was 31/100 person years, with spontaneous clearance seen in 32% [11]. In the study from the Stockholm, baseline anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 77% and ongoing infection in 57%. The incidence of HCV infection in HCV seronegative patients was 26/100 person years, and 19/100 person years in participants with evidence of previous exposure (detectable anti-HCV antibodies but undetectable HCV-RNA). Spontaneous clearance was seen in 20% of seronegative patients and in 44% of those with documented previous exposure [12].
A real-world observational study of drug utilization and clinical outcomes of direct-acting antivirals and interferon therapy for hepatitis C treatment in Taiwan
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Jia-Hung Chen, Pei-Ning Wu, Sin-Chi Huang, Pao-Ju Hsu, Jason C. Hsu
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Globally, around 71 million people have chronic hepatitis C infection1. Approximately 3–4 million people worldwide are newly infected each year2 and 399,000 people die each year from hepatitis C related liver diseases1. The incidence rate of acute hepatitis C in Taiwan is 2.17 per 100,000 people3, and the prevalence of HCV infection is 3.28% in Taiwan4,5, which is higher than the global average, because its main route of transmission is iatrogenic infections such as blood transfusion and the use of incompletely sterilized medical equipment6. Advanced liver disease is often associated with more expensive medical resources, and its cost is significantly increased with an extension of life expectancy. People who are infected with hepatitis C have significantly higher lifetime healthcare costs than those who are not7.