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A Review on L-Asparaginase
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Assessing cell membrane integrity is one of the most common ways to determine the viability of the cell and its cytotoxic effects. Compounds that possess cytotoxic effects often compromise cell membrane integrity. Vital dyes, such as propidium iodide or trypan blue, are normally excluded from the inside of healthier cells; however, if the cell membrane is negotiated, they easily cross the membrane and stain the intracellular components (Riss et al., 2004). The extracellular enzyme possessed a cytotoxic effect on HL60 cell line (Hari Krishnan et al., 2016). The traditional methods of identifying the bacterial strain rely on culturing technique. Such techniques have certain limitations. In order to overcome those limitations, molecular characterization came into force. 16s rRNA sequencing can give much more information than culturing methods. Metagenomics is another field that involves the study and analysis of microbial communities from the surrounding environment without culturing. It also affords the potential to determine novel enzymes through function-based screening. Hence, metagenomics has given the scientific community with a range of novel enzymes (Zhang and Kim, 2010).
Essential Oils and Volatiles in Bryophytes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Yoshinori Asakawa
There are also some scientific data concerning the activity against human leukemia cell lines HL-60. From the Tahitian liverwort Chandonanthus hirtellus, a new sesquiterpene lactone, chandolide (107), was isolated. This compound showed cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 5.3 μg/mL (Komala et al., 2010b). Tulipinolide (104) obtained from another Tahitian liverwort, Frullania species, showed cytotoxicity against the HL-60 cell line at IC50 4.6 μM. The Japanese liverwort Porella perrottetiana produces cytotoxic lactone, 4α,5β-epoxy-8-epi-inunolide (IC50 8.5 μM) (Komala et al., 2011). Among diterpenoids, it is worth mentioning that ent-16-kauren-15-one derivatives together with rearranged kaurenes named jungermannenones A–D isolated from the New Zealand Jungermannia species. These kauranes showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells at IC50 values from 0.4 to 7.0 μM (Nagashima et al., 2003a; Nagashima et al., 2005).
Oncogenes and Cancer
Published in Pimentel Enrique, Oncogenes, 2020
However, the behavior of c-myc, c-mos, and other proto-oncogenes in the mentioned hematologic neoplasms is still poorly understood. High levels of c-mjc-related transcripts are present in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60).56 In HL-60 cells an active c-N-ras oncogene coexists with the altered c-myc oncogene and it has been speculated that the presence of the two active proto-oncogenes would be required for the full oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic cells.265 The transcriptional activity of c-myc in uncultured cells from different types of childhood leukemia is usually normal.66,68 No translocation of c-mos occurs in acute myeloblastic leukemia associated with (8;21) translocation and no evidence for c-mos rearrangement was detected in cell lines or fresh cells from several types of human myelomas and lymphoproliferative disorders.266,267 A genetic locus, bcl-2, on chromosome 18q21 was detected in an acute B-cell leukemia cell line from a young patient with t(14;18) translocation.268 The bcl-2 locus was cloned but no known oncogenes were present in the isolated probe.
Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2023
Drake W. Phelps, Anika I. Palekar, Haleigh E. Conley, Giuliano Ferrero, Jacob H. Driggers, Keith E. Linder, Seth W. Kullman, David M. Reif, M. Katie Sheats, Jamie C. DeWitt, Jeffrey A. Yoder
Continuous DMSO treatment of HL-60 cells induced cytomorphological features of neutrophil myeloid differentiation and maturation (Supplemental Figure S(10)). Undifferentiated HL-60 cells retained an immature phenotype, and 100% of cells had features of promyelocytes, an immature stage of myeloid differentiation. Cells were in a proliferative state and mitotic figures were present (average 7/300; 2.3%). In contrast, DMSO treatment induced neutrophilic, myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cells. All cells were more mature, displaying features of myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band neutrophil, or mature neutrophil morphology. The cells were smaller and had smaller nuclei that, in more mature cells, had nearly absent mitotic figures (0.3/300; 0.1%). DMSO withdrawal from neutrophil-like HL-60 cells was associated with a return to promyelocyte morphology and to mitotic activity (average 5/300; 1.7%) that was more similar to untreated cells, indicating that continued DMSO exposure was needed to main myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cells.
Chlorogenic acid promotes angiogenesis and attenuates apoptosis following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K-Akt signalling
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yong Fan, Yongkun Li, Yongkai Yang, Kunzhe Lin, Qingqiang Lin, Shenghui Luo, Xiaohui Zhou, Qun Lin, Fan Zhang
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound mainly existing in coffee, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, hawthorn, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) and other Chinese medicinal materials (Upadhyay and Mohan Rao 2013; Naso et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2016). Previous studies have proved that CGA could be anti-inflammatory and antioxidant (Tosovic et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2018). At the same time, CGA was involved in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (Zhang et al. 2017; Rtibi et al. 2018). Besides, CGA could also take part in regulating cytotoxicity of human oral tumour cells (Jiang et al. 2000). Moreover, CGA participated in modulated HL‑60 cell apoptosis and growth in human acute promyelocytic leukaemia (Liu et al. 2013). Nevertheless, the specific function of CGA in IS and its mechanism are still indistinct, which will be studied in this paper.
Securinine Induces Differentiation of Human Promyelocytic Leukemic HL-60 Cells through JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Jeetesh Sharma, Ankita Pandey, Sapna Sharma, Aparna Dixit
Human myeloid leukemic cells have been used to study different aspects of differentiation since long. Of the three established leukemic cell lines (HL-60, NB-4 and PL-21) derived from APL patients (23), PL-21 cells are arrested at a much later stage and show distinct features of monocytes, and hence not suitable for studying hematopoietic differentiation.Though the remainder two (HL-60 and NB4) cell lines show bilineage potential and can be differentiated to either granulocytes or monocytes (24, 25). The HL-60 cells are at a less committed stage (AML-M2 subtypes) than NB-4 cells (AML-M3 subtype) on the myeloid differentiation pathway (Song et al, 1998), and hence have been one of the most important cell models for studying hematopoietic differentiation since 1970s. In addition, unlike NB4 cells that have been found to be resistant to non-retinoid differentiation inducers, the HL-60 cells are sensitive to non-retinoid agents and can be successfully differentiated (26). Since the study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of securinine-induced differentiation, we used HL-60 cells as these have been reported to be significantly more sensitive to securinine than NB-4 cells (22). The molecular mechanism of induction of differentiation by a given inducer has been reported to be cell type specific (27), the present study will give insights into the molecular mechanism underlying securinine-induced differentiation of APL-derived HL-60 cells.