China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Md. Nasim Ali, Syandan Sinha Ray
Plant germplasm is a set of existing cells from which new plants can be generated. Loss of germplasm results loss of genetic resources from nature. Hence the basic challenge of germplasm conservation is to keep the germplasm in its native form (Miller, 1993). The agricultural productivity of a single plant variety may be under risk when it solely covers a huge area. To overcome this problem, agronomists, and plant biologists have attempted to store germplasms so that plant breeders will use these germplasm for improvement of plants in the future (Plucknett et al., 1983). The concept of “germplasm conservation” does not only to keep balance in agro-biodiversity in nature (Benito et al., 2004) but also to keep them alive for future purposes.
Distribution, Biology, and Bio-Diversity of Fenugreek
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
The fenugreek plant becomes a great interest for researchers due to the presence of a wide range of pharmaceutical and commercial food value. It is widely grown throughout the globe with wider adaptability. Huge morphological and molecular diversity were present in the core collection of the fenugreek germplasm. Recently, some conventional and non-conventional breeding approaches have been used for the improvement of the fenugreek accessions. Some biotechnological tools such as mutation breeding will be helpful for creating variation in the germplasm and for providing the focus needed in such research areas.
Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravikumar
M.P.C.A.s are managed as “hands off” areas with only the following interventions, wherever required – fire management, soil and moisture conservation and weed management/encouraging native vegetation. On-field research, collection of germplasm for research and multiplication and right of way and water to the local communities are also allowed. All harvesting operations, thus, stand suspended in the M.P.C.A.s. M.P.C.A.s are sites with known medicinal plant richness, based on literature and local interaction and are less disturbed, but easily accessible. They are relatively free from local rights and livelihood issues. They form compact manageable units and encompass different forest or vegetation types and altitude ranges.
Assessment of gamma radiation through agro-morphological characters in camellia sinensis L. (O.) kuntze
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Shobhit K. Singh, Devajit Borthakur, Abhijit Tamuly, J. G. Manjaya, Pradeep K. Patel, Boby Gogoi, Santanu Sabhapondit, Nabajyoti J. Neog, A. K. Barooah
Singh (1979) indicated that over 60% of the world’s tea acreage has received its initial planting materials directly and indirectly from the tea genetic resources of India. The popularity of a few clones in the industry coupled with the danger of narrow genetic variability of the population is likely to make the job of future breeders extremely difficult. The evolution of superior planting materials for tomorrow depends upon the availability of diverse germplasm today, which must be preserved. Singh (1980) explained great success was achieved by breeding for yield-type planting material than for quality. This is due to several reasons such as the non-availability of enough genetically diverse materials and properly evaluated germplasm, inadequate quality evaluation technique, and lack of genetic information about a quality component. Kudo and Futsuhara (1974) concluded that the tea plant is suitable material for studying the radiation effects and the number of leaf buds formed gradually decreased with increasing dose rate and also explained that, the development of leaf buds was considerably inhibited by irradiation during the developmental stages of leaf buds. The number of leaf buds gradually decreased with increasing dose rate until the formation of leaf buds was completely inhibited. It was also reported that the plant height of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was decreased due to the increased level of gamma radiation.
Radiosensitivity of seedling traits to varying gamma doses, optimum dose determination and variation in determined doses due to different time of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation in faba bean genotypes
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Rajdeep Guha Mallick, Subhradeep Pramanik, Manas Kumar Pandit, Akhilesh Kumar Gupta, Subhrajit Roy, Sanjay Jambhulkar, Ashutosh Sarker, Rajib Nath, Somnath Bhattacharyya
The success of any breeding programme is determined by the richness of existing natural variation in the germplasm pool, which is to be exploited to achieve the breeding goals. Moreover, the desired trait matching the breeding objective must be present in the germplasm resources. Genetic engineering of crops is the only possible option if the trait is not present in the center of origin or variability. Genetic engineering techniques require the involvement of time and money. In such a cross-road situation, mutation breeding is an effective tool to induce wide and desired variability. Mutagenesis is a simple and low-cost technique (Oladosu et al. 2016; Singh et al. 2021) to induce variation not present in the germplasm pool and breed varieties using induced variability within a short span. Many researchers advocated induced mutagenesis to generate desirable mutants and for broadening the genetic base of faba bean (Mejri et al. 2012; Laskar and Khan 2014; Khursheed et al. 2016, 2018; Nurmansyah et al. 2018; Khursheed et al. 2019; Nurmansyah et al. 2020).
Radiation induced mutagenesis, physio-biochemical profiling and field evaluation of mutants in sugarcane cv. CoM 0265
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Madhavi V. Purankar, Ashok A. Nikam, Rachayya M. Devarumath, Suprasanna Penna
Induced mutagenesis is a promising approach for generating novel genetic variability in crop plants (Suprasanna et al. 2015) and ionizing radiation has been successful in crops such as groundnut (Badigannawar and Mondal 2009), rice (Hayashi et al. 2008), sweet potato (He et al. 2009) and banana (Ganapathi et al. 2016). In sugarcane, mutagenesis has been effectively applied to target specific traits (Nikam et al. 2014, 2015; Kaur et al. 2016; Mirajkar et al. 2016) viz. high sugar (Mirajkar et al. 2016), high cane number (Sandhu et al. 2019), smut resistance, red rot resistance (Jagathesan 1978) and salt tolerance (Patade et al. 2006; Nikam et al. 2014). However, there is a continued demand for high yielding, high sucrose, and early maturing sugarcane varieties (Verma et al. 2019). The incidence of abiotic stresses and pressure to sustain growth and yield under challenging stress conditions have necessitated the development of novel tolerant germplasm using different approaches including in vitro mutagenesis. In this regard, mutant characterization using suitable screening indices for salt tolerance is essential for understanding physiological and metabolic adaptations. In the present study, we have undertaken gamma-ray induced in vitro mutagenesis and, characterized the different physiological and metabolic modulations in the gamma-ray treated salt selected in vitro cultures and saline field-grown mutants of cv. CoM 0265.