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Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Md. Nasim Ali, Syandan Sinha Ray
Plant seeds that are not feasibly stored under seed bank may be conserved through the botanical garden (Dulloo et al., 1998) which plays an important role in the conservation of plants (Li et al., 2002). In addition to conservation, another advantage of the botanical garden is its influential capacity to increase public awareness regarding the conservation, utility, and importance of plant species (Hurka, 1994). The fundamental principle depends in growing the plants under the greenhouse or out of door or conservatories. They are used to grow and display plants primarily for scientific and educational purposes (Kasso and Balakrishnan, 2013). However, this conservation method permits the conservation of a small number of plant samples (Brütting et al., 2013). For conservation of small population major constrains are genetic drift and inbreeding depression (Francisco-Ortega et al., 2000). The combined approach of the Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum has developed a gene pool of 650 medicinal plant species (Heywood, 1991). Earth Ethnobotanic Garden of Costa Rica was developed to conserve and analyze the potential use of medicinal plants (Waylen, 2006).
Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravikumar
Seed banks offer a better way of storing the genetic diversity of many medicinal plants ex situ than through botanic gardens, and are recommended to help preserve the biological and genetic diversity of wild plant species (Li and Pritchard 2009; Schoen and Brown 2001). The most noteworthy seed bank is the Millennium Seed Bank Project at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, Britain (Schoen and Brown 2001). It is the largest ex situ conservation program in the world, presently involving 96 countries and territories. Where possible, seeds are collected and conserved in the country of origin with duplicates being sent to this seed bank for storage. Unique taxonomic diversity exists amongst the collections which represent 365 families, 5813 genera, 36,975 species and 39,669 taxa conserved (Liu et al. 2018).
Application of proteomics in studying bacterial persistence
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Jordy Evan Sulaiman, Henry Lam
The long-established idea of ‘microbial seed banks,’ sometimes referred to a ‘bet-hedging strategy’ of a species, postulated that bacterial populations always preserve a small subset of phenotypic variants that fit potential future environments but not optimally suited to the present environment, so that they could repopulate in case of disastrous events [24]. In the context of bacterial persistence, this evolutionary bet-hedging strategy is reflected in the stochastic formation of persisters. Using transparent microfluidics devices, Balaban et al. recorded the growth of individual bacterial cells under normal conditions, exposed them to antibiotic treatment, and analyzed the survivors’ history [18]. They observed that most of the survivors are actually the preexisting dormant subpopulation of exponentially growing E. coli. This observation was confirmed by Shah et al., who sorted the dormant subpopulation of E. coli cells using flow cytometry, and subjected them to bactericidal antibiotic treatment [25]. The dormant subpopulation showed 20-folds higher survival rate compared to the growing cells. This means that through some stochastic mechanism, a small number of persister cells were already formed even before the antibiotic treatment. Apart from this stochastic mechanism of persister formation, experiments have shown that persistence could also be induced or enhanced by a responsive mechanism. Applying stresses such as oxidative stress or even typical antibiotic treatment will also lead to an increase in persister formation [26,27].
Translational activity is uncoupled from nucleic acid content in bacterial cells of the human gut microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Mariia Taguer, B. Jesse Shapiro, Corinne F. Maurice
Lastly, to explore what the inactive subset of the gut microbiota may represent, we identified the damaged subset of the gut microbiota with propidium iodide (PI), a membrane exclusion dye. By contrasting the active subset to the damaged subset, we hope to begin to explore if the less active or inactive fraction represents dormant bacteria acting as a seedbank, or external transient bacteria that are unable to colonize the gut.41–45
Green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: effects on in-vitro seedlings and callus cultures of Silybum marianum and evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potential
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Faryal Saeed, Muhammad Younas, Hina Fazal, Sadaf Mushtaq, Faiz ur Rahman, Muzamil Shah, Sumaira Anjum, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi
Seeds of S. marianum were collected from the seed bank of Plant Cell Culture Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan. Protocol of Abbasi et al. [9] for seed sterilisation was followed. Briefly, seeds were washed with sterile dH2O to remove dust and debris and then sterilised by soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 1 min, followed by 3–4 times washing with sterile dH2O.