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Gingiva and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Avita Rath, Preena Sidhu, Priyadarshini Hesarghatta Ramamurthy, Bennete Aloysius Fernandesv, Swapnil Shankargouda, Sultan Orner Sheriff
This inhibition was interpreted as the result of excessive tension generated by cells in contact with implanted biomaterials, which may have changed the molecular structure of fibronectin fibrils, deteriorating their capability to bind and activate a 5b1-integrins. In addition to synthetically derived polymer scaffolds, naturally occurring scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix proteins offer promising alternatives for tissue repair and regeneration. Important examples are small intestinal submucosa, acellular dermis, cadaveric fascia, the bladder acellular matrix graft and the amniotic membrane.
Designing Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Zohreh Arabpour, Mansour Youseffi, Chin Fhong Soon, Naznin Sultana, Mohammad Reza Bazgeir, Mozafari Masoud, Farshid Sefat
Production of appropriate scaffolds to support the proliferation and differentiation of cells to mimic biological function of extracellular matrix proteins is another essential step to generate appropriate 3D biomimetic scaffolds in tissue engineering (Chiono et al. 2009). Biocompatibility of scaffolds must be ensured, to avoid undesirable immune responses to the implant and ectopic calcifications in vivo. The surface of biomaterials should have excellent chemical properties to improve attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells (Mandal et al. 2009).
Tumor Spheroids from Monolayer Cultures
Published in Rolf Bjerkvig, Spheroid Culture in Cancer Research, 2017
Morten Lund-Johansen, Rolf Bjerkvig, Garry J. Rucklidge
Due to the homogeneity of the proteins expressed by the host tissue and the tumor cells in vivo, it is impossible to distinguish the synthetic source of the proteins produced as a consequence of tumor invasion. That is, are the ECM components synthesized by the tumor cells or by the host tissue, in response to the presence of either the tumor cells per se or to tumor-secreted factors? It has been demonstrated that the presence of leptomeningeal extracellular matrix proteins are able to inhibit the growth and differentiation of malignant human glioma cells, and this may serve as a mechanism by the host to resist the invasion of tumor cells.49 To attempt to resolve this problem, many studies of extracellular matrix protein expression by particular cell types have been performed using in vitro techniques, and it is beyond the scope of this review to provide an exhaustive list of those findings. It is understood, through the intrinsic properties of the extracellular matrix proteins, that they play an important role in the maintenance of tissue structure and architecture. As a consequence it is therefore of importance to highlight differences obtained in ECM expression between cells grown either as monolayer, multicellular spheroids or as xenografts in vivo.
A novel autologous dermal filler based on cultured fibroblasts and plasma gel for facial wrinkles: Long term results
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Yasemin Oram, A. Deniz Akkaya, Ethem Güneren, Gürsel Turgut
Autologous cultured fibroblasts promote skin regeneration and rejuvenation by synthesizing collagen and GAGs which are the main components of extracellular matrix proteins. Autologous fibroblast treatment, which involves injection of cultured fibroblasts into the superficial papillary dermis, is a novel rejuvenation method for correcting dermal defects (1,3,4,9). Although the exact mechanism of action of fibroblast cell therapy is not certain, it involves several factors including direct secretion of increased amounts of GAGs, induced proliferation of native fibroblasts, secretion of growth factors and proteases, and multiplication of the transplanted fibroblasts (1,3). Watson et al. showed clinical improvement and collagen increase in histopathology at the target site after injecting autologous fibroblasts for facial rhytids in 10 patients (2). Smith et al. reported significant improvement of nasolabial fold wrinkles in a placebo-controlled study using autologous fibroblast cell therapy. They emphasized that the onset of effect was gradual and slow, which is different than other fillers providing immediate correction. However, the significant improvement was consistent at the end of 6 months without any sign of degradation (3). For the treatment of facial volume defects, in addition to fibroblast cell injections, cultured fibroblasts can be delivered into the skin by different modes including a combination with keratin gel or hyaluronic acid fillers (1,6,7).
Comparison of inflammatory response and synovial metaplasia in immediate breast reconstruction with a synthetic and a biological mesh: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Emma Hansson, Pawel Burian, Håkan Hallberg
The most common complication in implant-based breast reconstruction and augmentation is capsular contracture [7]. It is still unclear what causes it but a multifactorial process, with an excessive inflammation and foreign body reaction, is thought to have an important role. Inflammation can lead to activation of macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and mast cells, and the formation of fibrosis through the production of collagen and consequent shrinking of the implant capsule and capsular contracture [7–9]. One of the stated advantages of meshes is that they might impede capsule formation around implants and thereby diminish the risk of capsular contracture [10]. The theory is that meshes might decrease the inflammatory response [11–14]. Evidence of a decreased inflammation has been seen in histological studies were inflammatory markers in biopsies from the integrated mesh and the native subpectoral pocket have been compared [11–13]. The diminished inflammatory response could be explained by that the retained extracellular matrix proteins in biological meshes facilitate wound healing [15], which implies that the process might be different in biological and synthetic meshes.
Exploiting crosslinked decellularized matrix to achieve uterus regeneration and construction
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Qing Yao, Ya-Wen Zheng, Hui-Long Lin, Qing-Hua Lan, Zhi-Wei Huang, Li-Fen Wang, Rui Chen, Jian Xiao, Longfa Kou, He-Lin Xu, Ying-Zheng Zhao
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from xenogeneic tissues has great potential for use as a mechanical and biological support in tissue regeneration [6,7]. Decellularization can remove nuclei, non-structural protein, and other cellular antigens to reduce the immune response after implantation, even in a xenogeneic model. These decellularized tissues are composed of extracellular matrix proteins that are conserved among different species, and that can serve as scaffolds for cell attachment, migration, and proliferation to promote host tissue regeneration. In addition to inherent cell compatibility, dECM possess the desired shape and the strength of the scaffold where the materials derived. However, the decellularized tissue matrix is mechanically weak and rapidly degraded in vivo, leading to a compromised transplant efficiency. The mechanical support role of dECM is essential for tissue regeneration and construction; thus, further pre-treatment strategies were applied to optimise the mechanical properties and structural stability [8–10].