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Nutritional Requirements in Extreme Sports
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Matthew Butawan, Jade L. Caldwell, Richard J. Bloomer
Following intense exercise bouts, an increase in metabolism above resting levels can be observed for up to several hours after exercise has ceased. This phenomenon is termed excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and while the exact cause is unknown, contributing factors have been suggested to include lactic acid accumulation, catecholamines, glucocorticoids, fatty acids, temperature, and other factors (Gaesser and Brooks 1984). Women appear to have a shorter duration of EPOC following different exercise intensities (Smith and Mc Naughton 1993). This phenomenon would contribute to the daily energy expenditure.
Nutrition for a Single Match, a One-Day Tournament, and a Multiple-Day Tournament
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
We need to account for the post-exercise oxygen consumption (calorie burning) and the fact that many times, during anaerobic exercise, muscle glycogen is broken down to muscle lactic acid, and this source of carbohydrate (lactic acid) does not get oxidized but gets converted back to glucose in the liver (by a process known as gluconeogenesis). With regard to post-exercise calorie burning I have some data in which we evaluated the time to fatigue at 100% of VO2max and how it differs between genders. What is interesting from this data is that we kept the exercise participants on the mouthpiece and nose clip for 15 minutes after they reached the point of fatigue. Now this exercise results in fatigue in roughly 4–6 minutes, and the energy for such exercise to fatigue is derived from ~50% anaerobic metabolism and ~50% from aerobic metabolism. Due to the fact that a large portion of the energy for this exercise is derived from anaerobic metabolism, this must be paid back after exercise and is done so by caloric expenditure after exercise termed the Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC). Just picking out one male subject data, we see that there is considerable caloric expenditure after exercise. This subjects’ time to fatigue at 100% of VO2peak was 4 minute and 15 seconds. During exercise this subject burned 54 calories nearly all of which were carbohydrate (13.5 g). During the 15 minutes after exercise, the subject burned 51 calories all of which were carbohydrate (12.75 g). This really shows that the calculation of caloric expenditure during intense exercise with a high-anaerobic component is only part of the picture regarding caloric expenditure resulting from this type of exercise. Again, as far as the total grams of carbohydrate oxidized (burned up) this is not an astronomical amount. However, we only followed the subjects out for 15 minutes after exercise, and at this time the calories expended were still 100% carbohydrate calories and 0% fat calories.
Post-exercise cold-water immersion improves the performance in a subsequent 5-km running trial
Published in Temperature, 2018
Fabrício De Paula, Kurt Escobar, Vinícius Ottone, Paula Aguiar, Mariana Aguiar de Matos, Tamiris Duarte, Tatiane Araújo, Karine Costa, Flávio Magalhães, Etel Rocha-Vieira, Fabiano Amorim
For Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) measurement: VO2 was measured breath by breath by open circuit spirometry during WI (15 minutes) and post-WI period (30 minutes). Values obtained during the last 10 minutes of rest were averaged and used as baseline (Short and Sedlock, 1997). EPOC was determined by calculating the area under the curve subtracting resting VO2 from total VO2 using Prism software for Windows (GraphPad, Prism version 5.0, USA) [31].