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Dietary Influence on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Hypertrophy
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
James McKendry, Stuart M. Phillips
Since the early stable isotopic tracer studies (89), a considerable body of knowledge has accumulated examining nutritional influences on MPS, and protein nutrition is the most comprehensively studied. Dietary protein comprises a varying portion of daily macronutrient intake (usually 15–20% of total energy intake) and is essential for muscle function and growth. Following protein ingestion, the ensuing hyperaminoacidemia leads to an influx of AAs into muscle cells and a stimulation of MPS, the magnitude and duration of which can be influenced by a variety of factors (i.e., the dose, AA composition, source, distribution, and co-ingestion with other macronutrients).
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids — Macronutrients
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
At this time, there is almost no evidence to indicate that high-protein diets are unsafe for normal adults.35,135,155 There is certainly no evidence that strength athletes who consume high protein diets (and who do not use anabolic steroids) have increased incidence of hepatic or renal dysfunctions.35 Although excess dietary protein is not recommended for patients with liver or kidney failure,155 these situations do not apply to the average weight lifter. Studies in which animals were fed a very high protein intake (80% of calories) for over half their lifespans noted only minor negative effects (enlargement of liver mitochon-dria).156 Thus, high protein diets per se are generally safe.
Protein as a Functional Food Ingredient for Optimizing Weight Loss and Body Composition
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Paul J. Arciero, Michael J. Ormsbee, Robert E.C. Wildman, Donald K. Layman
Dietary protein sources vary within different foods, such as gluten in wheat, albumin in eggs, and casein and whey in milk. Specifically, these proteins are made up of a group of proteins or chemically associated protein molecules. The protein in egg albumin includes ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovomucoid, ovomucin, and lysozyme. In the case of milk whey protein, it includes β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, immunoglobulins, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase, as well as glycomacropeptide (GMP), a casein-derived protein in cheese whey, whereas the principal milk casein fractions are α(s1) and α(s2)-caseins, β-casein, and kappa-casein.
A Pilot Controlled Feeding Trial Modifying Protein Intake in Healthy Subjects to Assess Adherence and the Metabolome
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Josephine Connolly-Schoonen, Lorraine Danowski, Melissa Bistricer, Leslie Campo Catalan, Sarina Ailawadi, Emily M. Sicinski, Martien Schoonen, Brian Ingram, David C. Montrose
Dietary protein has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis and response to treatment. For example, analysis of dietary patterns showed that high protein intake significantly increases the likelihood of dying from cancer in older individuals (1). Preclinical studies have shown that feeding a high protein diet enhances hepatic carcinogenesis in rats, while reducing protein consumption slows tumor growth, enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in murine tumor models (1–6). Numerous studies using both in vitro and in vivo model systems have shown that amino acids promote tumorigenesis, in large part, through supporting cancer cell metabolism (7–12). It is likely that amino acids derived from dietary protein contribute to tumor growth through circulation, given that reducing amino acid intake lowers circulating amino acid levels, in parallel with suppressing tumor growth (12–14). Taken together, these preclinical and epidemiologic findings suggest that modifying protein intake could be beneficial for cancer patients.
Effects of a Plant-Based High-Protein Diet on Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy – a Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Esther Sathiaraj, Kamar Afshan, Sruthi R, Arti Jadoni, Krithika Murugan, Shekhar Patil, Radheshyam Naik
Currently, there are limited treatment options for CRF, including pharmaceutical agents, psychological interventions, and exercise. However, these interventions can be unmanageable and time-consuming. Dietary therapy can address fatigue and is often less cumbersome than other interventions (24). There is limited literature on dietary interventions and supplements for cancer patients suffering from fatigue. Evidence suggests that low protein intake of less than 1 g/kg body weight is a strong predictor of CRF. Dietary protein may help maintain or build muscle mass in cancer patients, thereby reducing CRF (25). Recently, plant-based diets have been studied for their potential to protect against cancer occurrence and recurrence (26, 27). Because of their anti-inflammatory effects, these diets could also benefit patients with CRF. The association between dietary components and fatigue, independent of adiposity and physical activity, has not been well documented. Specifically, with respect to breast cancer, dietary intake has been studied primarily with regard to initial diagnosis and recurrence rather than CRF (28). To determine how best to support self-management of CRF, this study evaluated an individualized nutrition intervention aimed at educating and supporting patients in managing fatigue during CT through a plant-based, high-protein diet.
Influence of dietary protein on serum phosphorous levels in peritoneal dialysis patients with different initial transport function
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Xiao-Pei Wang, Ying Ma, Jing Lv, Yu Liang, Li Jin, Wan-Hong Lu, Chang-Na Liang, Bao Qian, Zhao Li
Hyperphosphatemia is a common complication in individuals undergoing dialysis, which is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular events and poor outcomes [1]. Phosphate control interventions include dietary phosphorus restriction, the use of phosphorus binders, and adequate dialysis. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes and Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines recommend a daily protein intake of 1.2 g/kg of body weight [2]. High dietary protein intake (DPI) increases the risk for hyperphosphatemia and accelerates the loss of residual kidney function [3]. Dietary protein restriction is considered to be effective for controlling serum phosphorus levels [4]. However, low dietary protein worsens nutritional status and increases mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients [5]. The role of peritoneal phosphate clearance rate, an important indicator of phosphate balance, has been under appreciated in PD patients [6]. The peritoneal phosphate clearance rate is lower and serum phosphorus levels are higher in patients with low and average low peritoneal membrane function characteristics (slow peritoneal transporters) than in those with high and high average peritoneal membrane function characteristics (fast peritoneal transporters) [7]. Very few studies have investigated the effects of DPI on serum phosphate levels in PD patients with different peritoneal transport types.