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Prelabor rupture of the membranes
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Roberto Romero, Lami Yeo, Francesca Gotsch, Eleazar Soto, Sonia S. Hassan, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Ray Bahado-Singh
Additional biochemical tests for the diagnosis of PROM include diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (150), prolactin concentration (151–153), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP; sensitivity: 94.5% and specificity: 95.4%) (151,154), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) (155). AFP has been reported to be better than prolactin and more practical than DAO assay with an overall accuracy of 98% (156,157). IGFBP-1 determinations have a sensitivity of 74.4% and specificity of 92.6% (155). Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the different diagnostic tests presented today in comparison with the nitrazine test are good (158–163).
Pregnancy-Related Proteins Detected by Their Biological Activities
Published in Gábor N. Than, Hans Bohn, Dénes G. Szabó, Advances in Pregnancy-Related Protein Research, 2020
A novel diamine oxidase from placenta has been isolated by Crabbe et al.85 in 1976. It is a monomer with molecular weight of 70,000 to 80,000 and resembles the diamine oxidase of pregnancy serum. But it differs insofar as it has one atom each of Mn2+ and Cu2+ bound per 70,000 molecular weight unit and it has the ability to use procollagen and tropocollagen as substrates. Its unexpected specificity for procollagen and tropocollagen may be of importance to catalyse cross-linking of collagen precursors for structural components of the placenta rather than to play a protective role against elevated concentrations of biogenic amines in the fetoplacental unit.66
Gastrointestinal Lymphatics
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, Lymph Stasis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, 2019
Much of the protein in lymph is derived by filtration from plasma. A small proportion, however, is derived from local sources (see Table 3). Lipoproteins are synthesized in the enterocyte both during absorption and fasting, the major particles secreted being chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins.77 The principal apolipoproteins synthesized in the enterocyte are apo B and apo AI, All, and AIV. In the rat, the intestine accounts for greater than 60% of the total body synthesis of apo AIV. During fat absorption alkaline phosphatase, derived from the enterocyte, is found in lymph. It seems to be related to the process of intracellular transport of lipid and/or synthesis of lipoproteins.78 The significance of the phenomenon, however, is unclear. Similarly, diamine oxidase of intestinal origin is found in lymph during absorption; again, the mechanism and significance are unknown.79
Epithelial integrity, junctional complexes, and biomarkers associated with intestinal functions
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2022
Arash Alizadeh, Peyman Akbari, Johan Garssen, Johanna Fink-Gremmels, Saskia Braber
The diamine oxidase enzyme could be detected in the apical part of villus cells and is continuously released from the intestinal mucosa, and has the ability to catalyze the deamination of histamines. Diamine oxidase enzyme levels in the blood can be used as a biomarker of intestinal permeability. Small intestinal mucosal damage may decrease the diamine oxidase activity. In addition, D-lactate, produced by many of the bacteria found in the GIT, showed enhanced levels in the circulation following intestinal damage.152–155 Recently, it has been demonstrated that D-lactate and diamine oxidase serum levels appear to be biomarkers in patients with Crohn’s disease.156 Więcek et al reported that D-lactate serum levels in patients who suffering from cystic fibrosis might be a good indicator for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in relation to dysbiosis or overgrowth in the intestines.157
Dealing with frequent hitters in drug discovery: a multidisciplinary view on the issue of filtering compounds on biological screenings
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Rafael Ferreira Dantas, Tereza Cristina Santos Evangelista, Bruno Junior Neves, Mario Roberto Senger, Carolina Horta Andrade, Sabrina Baptista Ferreira, Floriano Paes Silva-Junior
The DOS approach has been applied in combination with the concept of privileged scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry. Liu and coworkers published a study exploring the DOS methodology for the synthesis of coumarin-linked benzimidazoles as potential inhibitors of diamine oxidase (DAO), a target for the treatment of schizophrenia [21]. Coumarin and benzimidazole are known as privileged scaffolds, presenting a wide spectrum of biological activities. The compounds were synthesized via an one-pot, three steps process (Figure 3(a)). The products were screened for their porcine kidney DAO (pkDAO) inhibitory effects in a cell-based assay, revealing some promising inhibitors with IC50 ranging from 46 to 62 μM. This study demonstrates the broad scope of the DOS approach, allowing the incorporation of an ample range of substituents for modification of the chemical space of a privileged scaffold. Rao and coworkers [22,23] reported the synthesis of new potential agents in cancer treatment containing privileged scaffolds via the DOS methodology. Either quinolines (e.g. compound 37) or hybrid molecules containing benzothiazole and pyrrolobenzodiazepine privileged scaffolds (e.g. compound 38) could be obtained with this approach (Figure 3(b)). The most active synthesized compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines with submicromolar IC50 values, which are comparable with camptothecin and better than the marketed anticancer drug etoposide.
Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in patients with allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2018
Amelia Licari, Riccardo Castagnoli, Ilaria Brambilla, Maria Angela Tosca, Maria De Filippo, Gianluigi Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi
Basophil activation can be studied through flow cytometry-based assays, evaluating the expression of surface markers, such as CD63 and CD203c [41]. Moreover, a new functional assay based on intracellular staining of phycoerythrin-conjugated diamine oxidase (DAO) is available [42]. The data from the application of basophil activation during AIT in placebo-controlled trials are still conflicting. Some studies report a reduction in basophil activation following AIT that is possibly due to serological factors [43,44], while others failed to demonstrate suppression of basophil activation in successful trials of AIT [31]. A hypothesis for these contrasting findings is the different route of immunotherapy, with SLIT being possibly less effective in inhibiting basophils than SCIT. Considering the possible role of basophil activation in patients’ follow-up after AIT, several studies show that basophil activation (including DAO) decreases after AIT, with one study demonstrating persistent basophil suppression after AIT discontinuation [42,45].