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Associated Factors of Quality of Life Among Menopausal Women in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Published in Teuku Tahlil, Hajjul Kamil, Asniar, Marthoenis, Challenges in Nursing Education and Research, 2020
Donny Hendra, Asniar, Mudatsir
In addition to physical changes, during menopause there are changes in sex steroids that play a major role in the function of the central nervous system, especially in behavior, mood, and cognitive and sensory functions of a person. As a result of the of estrogen in postmenopausal women, complaints such as irritability, irritability, and stress (Baziad, 2003). The cause of depression is thought to be due to reduced serotonin activity in the brain. Estrogen inhibits the activity of the enzyme mono amine oxidase (MAO). This enzyme causes serotonin and noradrenaline to be inactive (Baziad, 2003).
Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
Phenylalanine inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase by reducing the transfer of tryptophan across the nerve ending membranes. Subsequently, the transformation of tryptophan to serotonin becomes deficient. Serotonin plays a role in the synaptic transmission of certain areas of the brain, and therefore, the decrease of serotonin synthesis may be another plausible cause of mental retardation. The administration of serotonin can counteract the toxic action of high phenylalanine levels in the brain. Phenylethylamine can be an immediate causative factor also. This compound is formed in phenylketonurics when the concentration of phenylalanine is high, and particularly when further oxidation is inhibited. Amine oxidase inhibitors bring about an aggravation of neurological symptoms. It may be that an interaction between the mechanisms responsible for the mental effects depends on the degree of maturation of the nervous system.
Organisation of services and health economics
Published in Jeremy Playfer, John Hindle, Andrew Lees, Parkinson's Disease in the Older Patient, 2018
The disabling effects of the disease can be reduced or limited with drug therapy, but when this should be initiated – and with which drug – remain individual decisions. Most specialists advocate that drug treatment be reserved until symptoms cause significant problems, or if there is difficulty in maintaining independence, employment or social activities. Essentially, the choice of initial treatment lies between levodopa preparations and other drugs (such as direct agonists or mono-amine-oxidase inhibitors, and in younger patients anticholinergics or amantadine), but this will be discussed elsewhere in this volume. To encourage the provision of some uniformity of care, algorithms and the NICE Guidelines have been published,8 a further awareness document13 expands on the care options for primary care, and a Scottish algorithm based on this awareness document is also available: www.pathways.scot.nhs.uk/Neurology/Neurol%20PD%2023Sep05.htm
Polyamine biomarkers as indicators of human disease
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Mohsin Amin, Shiying Tang, Liliana Shalamanova, Rebecca L. Taylor, Stephen Wylie, Badr M. Abdullah, Kathryn A. Whitehead
In the blood, the increased levels of polyamines directly reflect the exacerbated levels of polyamine synthesis, which exist as a result of cancer tissues augmenting the synthetic abilities of amine oxidase enzymes (Sun et al.2017). Such is evident in instances of breast cancer whereby, increased proliferation and progression of breast cancer, in part, is stimulated by overexpression of polyamine synthesis. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies which affects women, in the western world (Torre et al.2017). ODC, a polyamine decarboxylating enzyme, has been detected at increased levels in breast cancer (2.42 nmol CO2/h g), in comparison to benign tumours (0.62 nmol CO2/h g) (Cañizares et al.1999). This suggests that increased polyamine levels may contribute towards the active disease and therefore such biomarkers in the blood may allow valuable diagnostic measurements for the differentiation between active and inactive cancers. Furthermore, ODC has been recognized as an independent prognostic factor for localized breast cancer, and successful attempts at blocking polyamine receptors on ODC have been shown to provide a beneficial impact on the implications of breast cancer treatment (Jun et al.2007).
Current and new pharmacotherapy options for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Yoshio Sumida, Masato Yoneda, Yuji Ogawa, Masashi Yoneda, Takeshi Okanoue, Atsushi Nakajima
The adhesion molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a membrane-bound amine oxidase that promotes leukocyte recruitment to the liver. The soluble form (sVAP-1) accounts for most circulating monoamine oxidase activity, has insulin-like effects, and can initiate oxidative stress [100]. Because VAP-1 is directly involved in stellate cell activation and is a strong profibrogenic stimulus, VAP-1 has a crucial role in NASH pathogenesis [100]. Therefore, targeting VAP-1 may decrease leukocyte recruitment and reduce inflammation and fibrosis. BI 1467335 is a VAP-1 inhibitor that works by blocking leucocyte adhesion and tissue infiltration in the inflammatory process. VAP-1 inhibitor is now called amine oxidase copper containing three inhibitors. A phase 2a RDBPCT of BI 1467335 is a multicenter trial comprising 150 patients with clinical evidence of NASH (NCT03166735). This trial was initiated in June 2016 and enrolled 114 patients. Unfortunately, the development of this agent was discontinued because of the risk of drug interaction of the compound in NASH patients.
HPLC–UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase using crude bovine plasma
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Kira Mergemeier, Florian Galster, Matthias Lehr
Plasma amine oxidase (PAO) is a topaquinone- and copper-dependent oxidase, which converts primary amines to aldehydes with the concomitant production of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide1. The enzyme, which is also known as copper-containing amine oxidase 3 (AOC3), semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) or vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), is mainly expressed in endothelial cells of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Besides, a soluble form is found in blood plasma, resulting from proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound vascular PAO2–4. The enzyme participates in several physiological and pathophysiological processes5–7. In particular, it functions as a vascular adhesion protein that mediates recruitment and extravasation of leukocytes at sites of inflammation8,9. Furthermore, it is involved in glucose transport in adipose cells. Because of the production of reactive aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide, PAO activity is linked to cellular damage in diabetes. Thus, inhibitors of this enzyme could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and diabetic complications10,11.