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Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic human pathogen that may cause both superficial cutaneous infections (especially of the nail) and systemic disease (especially endocarditis). Other clinical manifestations include endophthalmitis and fungaemia. Environmental isolations have been made from intertidal and oceanic waters, pickle brine, cured meats, olives and normal skin, and faeces.
Fungal infections causing emergencies
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
R. Madhu, Pradeesh Arumugam, V. Hari Pankaj
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a spectrum of syndromes, including (a) bloodstream infection (BSI) or candidemia, (b) deep-seated Candida infections in the presence of BSI, and (c) deep-seated infections without BSI. Each contributes to almost a third of intensive care unit invasive candidiasis. The main species of Candida that are found to cause IC are Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis. Candida parapsilosis has the tendency to cause device and central catheter infections. Bronchial Candida isolates are generally considered nonpathogenic and reflect colonization.
Genital candidiasis
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Candidiasis is a yeast fungal infection which can affect any part of the body, particularly warm, moist areas such as the vagina, mouth and armpits. Candida is always present on the body and certain physiological factors cause the fungus to flourish and cause infection. There are more than 150 species of Candida including: Candida albicans.Candida tropicalis.Candida glabrata.Candida krusei.Candida parapsilosis.Candida dubliniensis.Candida lusitaniae.
Bendamustine treatment of haematological malignancies: significant risks of opportunistic viral, fungal and bacterial infections
Published in Hematology, 2022
Tony K.Y. Wu, Karen H.K. Tang, Yu-Yan Hwang, Thomas S.Y. Chan, Eric Tse, Yok-Lam Kwong
IFD was found in five patients. Notably, four patients received bendamustine as first-line treatment. IFD is unusual in patients with lymphoid malignancies undergoing first-line chemotherapy, so that anti-fungal prophylaxis is considered unnecessary [24]. However, bendamustine appears to have increased the risk of IFD. In two patients not receiving anti-fungal prophylaxis, yeast fungemia occurred. One patient had cryptococcemia, a condition typically found only in immunocompromised patients [25]. Arguably, this case might have been prevented with a simple azole such as fluconazole. In the three cases receiving anti-fungal prophylaxis, breakthrough IFDs might be caused by inherently resistant fungi. Two patients receiving echinocandin prophylaxis developed pulmonary mould infection. The rate of breakthrough invasive mould infections including invasive aspergillosis was about 5–7% in patients receiving echinocandins [26]. The third patient receiving itraconazole prophylaxis developed Candida parapsilosis fungemia. In in vitro studies, the sensitivities of Candida parapsiolosis isolates to posaconazole and voriconazole were 100% and 99%, whereas that to itraconazole was only 89% [27]. As this was the patient with CMV duodenitis/colitis where a breach of mucosal defence and multiple risk factors for IFD were found, in retrospect a more potent azole such as posaconazole or isavuconazole ought to have been used in this case.
Serum potassium, albumin and vitamin B12 as potential oxidative stress markers of fungal peritonitis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Lingling Liu, Kehang Xie, Mengmeng Yin, Xiaoqiu Chen, Binhuan Chen, Jianting Ke, Cheng Wang
Of the patients with fungal peritonitis, Candida species accounted for 13 of 21 (61.90%) (Figure 1(a)). The remaining episodes were caused by Aspergillus species, Trichosporon species, Trichosporon asahii, Rhodotorula species and unclassified species. Of the FP patients, 5 of 13 (38.46%) of Candida isolates were Candida albicans; 4 (30.77%) were Candida parapsilosis; 4 (30.77%), Candida tropicalis. Antifungal susceptibility tests indicated that most of the isolates were susceptible to the antifungal drugs itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Only 1 isolate (Candida tropicalis) showed an intermediate range for itraconazole. Regarding the death cases, Candida parapsilosis (1 episode), Candida tropicalis (3 episode), Candida albicans (2 episodes) and unclassified species (1 episode) were identified in FP patients. Pathogenic bacteria in the BP group are shown in Figure 1(b).
Exogenous fungal quorum sensing molecules inhibit planktonic cell growth and modulate filamentation and biofilm formation in the Sporothrix schenckii complex
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, Vandbergue Santos Pereira, Augusto Feynman Dias Nobre, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes, Anderson da Cunha Costa, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
Fifteen strains belonging to the S. schenckii complex were used: six S. brasiliensis, three S. globosa, three S. mexicana and three S. schenckii sensu stricto. The isolates were obtained from the culture collection of the Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM) of Ceará Federal University. These strains were previously characterized at the species level by sequencing the calmodulin locus region (Rodrigues et al. 2013a, 2013b). For experimentation with Sporothrix spp. in the filamentous form, cultures were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA, Himedia, Mumbai, India) and incubated at 28 °C for 7 days. To obtain the yeast form, cultures were grown in brain heart infusion agar (BHI, Himedia, Mumbai, India) and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. In addition, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 were used as quality controls in the antifungal susceptibility tests (CLSI 2017a).