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Introduction to Cancer
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
A new way of looking at carcinogenesis comes from integrating the ideas of developmental biology into oncology. The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that the different kinds of cells in a heterogeneous tumor arise from a single cell, termed the cancer stem cell. Cancer stem cells may arise from the transformation of adult stem cells or differentiated cells within the body. These cells persist as a subcomponent of the tumor and retain key stem cell properties. They give rise to a variety of cells and are capable of self-renewal and homeostatic control. Furthermore, the relapse of cancer and the emergence of metastasis are also attributed by some researchers to these cells. The cancer stem cell hypothesis does not contradict earlier concepts of carcinogenesis.
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
The word ‘cancer’ is still ‘dreadful’ to mankind. This starts with abnormal tissue growth due to uncontrolled cell division, that have irregular life spans, and eventually forms a malignant tumor(s). Normal cells conduct regular cellular functions and die, however, cancer stem cells keep growing and making new cells uncontrollably. Since the malignant cells continue to grow in abundance, they eventually suppress the normal cells to worsen the patients’ health. The abnormal cellular growth can metastasize i.e. generating new malignant tumors to various parts of the body, fetching by blood and lymph (immune) systems.
Ascorbate and the Hypoxic Response in Cancer
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Cancer and Vitamin C, 2020
Christina Wohlrab, Caroline Kuiper, Gabi U. Dachs
HIFs have also been implicated in cancer stem cell maintenance and are overexpressed in these cells even under normoxia [39]. Cancer stem cells represent a very small subset of cells within the tumor mass yet are believed to be responsible for initiating tumor growth and recurrence following therapy due to their high capacity for self-renewal.
Vitexin suppresses the proliferation, angiogenesis and stemness of endometrial cancer through the PI3K/AKT pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Cuixia Liang, Yongjie Jiang, Lizhu Sun
It has been accepted that cancer cell stemness is a cause of treatment failure and relapse in cancer cases (Ouban 2021). Cancer stem cells are identified in various cancers, exhibiting the self-renew capacity and proliferation ability like normal stem cells (Posada et al. 2017; Prasad et al. 2020). Therefore, the drug targeting cancer cell stemness is beneficial for cancer treatment. In this research, we studied the action of vitexin on the stemness capacity of endometrial cancer. It was revealed that vitexin retrained the sphere formation ability. Besides, the expression levels of OCT4 and Nanog were also inhibited by vitexin. OCT4 and Nanog are the stemness biomarkers, and they play crucial roles in maintaining stem cell pluripotency and proliferation ability (Zhang et al. 2013; Bai et al. 2015). Thus, vitexin suppressed the stemness capacity of endometrial cancer cells. Based on these data, we currently report the inhibitory influence of vitexin in stemness for the first time.
Integrative Analysis Developing and Validating Potential Candidate Biomarkers for Cancer Stemness Features of Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Fei Lin, Zhi-Bin Ke, Hang Chen, Wen-Cai Zheng, Ru-Nan Dong, Hai Cai, Xiao-Dong Li, Yong Wei, Qing-Shui Zheng, Xue-Yi Xue, Shao-Hao Chen, Ning Xu
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are vital cell populations in tumor environments with high plasticity. CSCs show competence to transform between proliferating state and resting state according to various situations (5). It is reported that both the acquisition of stemness features and the loss of differentiated phenotype contribute to the development and progression of malignancies. Malta et al. (6) developed a novel stemness signature, named mRNAsi scores, to evaluate the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation using one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine learning. In this way, we could access and quantify cancer stemness signatures with transcriptome data. Although mRNAsi has been widely used to appraise cancer stemness in many types of cancer, such as lung adenocarcinoma (7), breast cancer (8) and hepatocellular carcinoma (9), etc., an integrated understanding of pan-RCC stemness features using high-throughput data and mRNAsi is still lacking.
The Effect of Resveratrol and Quercetin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Mustafa Hoca, Eda Becer, Hilal Kabadayı, Sevinç Yücecan, Hafize Seda Vatansever
Cancer stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal which enables them to differentiate into other types of malignant cells (10). The metastatic behavior of cancer stem cells is responsible for the progression of the disease. Therefore, targeting cancer stem cells is important for developing more effective treatment strategies (5). It is considered that inhibition of cancer stem cell activity might be a good approach in the treatment of cancer (7). A study conducted by Lee et al. (11) showed that CD133+ cells had higher tumorigenic and metastatic potential than CD44+ and CD24+ cells, suggesting that CD133 may be significant cell surface marker of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cao et al. (12) demonstrated that quercetin can reduce the expression of CD133 in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Furthermore, resveratrol has potential inhibitory effects on migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of both pancreatic cancer stem cells and pancreatic cancer cells (13,14). Previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin can decrease the migration ability of different cancer cell lines including oral cancer cells, breast cancer stem cells, and prostate cancer cells (15–17). On the other hand, many studies have shown that resveratrol can inhibit EMT ability of various cancer cell lines such as oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and prostate cancer cells (18,19).