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Renal Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Sabrina H. Rossi, Grant D. Stewart
Microscopically:Contains three components in varying proportions: blastema, epithelium, stroma.Two histological subtypes:‘Favourable histology’85−90% of cases with well-differentiated cells.‘Unfavourable histology’5−10% of cases with anaplastic features.
Pediatric Oncology
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Stephen Lowis, Rachel Cox, John Moppett, Helen Rees
WT comprises varying proportions of three morphological components: blastema, stroma, and epithelium. Histological subtypes define risk groups, according to the presence of anaplasia and histological changes induced by pre-operative chemotherapy.
Pathology and Epidemiology
Published in John T. Kemshead, Pediatric Tumors: Immunological and Molecular Markers, 2020
The group also includes a tumor subtype which previously had been otherwise — and inappropriately — classified. This subtype is composed entirely of uniform blastema; this group had been considered to be “undifferentiated” and by analogy with some other tumors to have a poor prognosis. Assessment in a large, collaborative study2 with a sufficient number of cases, however, has shown that the prognosis of these cases is no worse than the more common histologically “mixed” tumors in the favorable histology group.
Stromal-like Wilms tumor cells induce human Natural Killer cell degranulation and display immunomodulatory properties towards NK cells
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Claudia Cantoni, Martina Serra, Erica Parisi, Bruno Azzarone, Angela Rita Sementa, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, Lorenzo Moretta, Giovanni Candiano, Cristina Bottino, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Grazia Maria Spaggiari
Wilms Tumor (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most common pediatric renal tumor, with an estimated annual incidence of 1 in 10.000 children.1 It is a malignant embryonal neoplasm derived from nephrogenic blastemal cells. At the molecular level, in some patients, WT is the result of aberrations in the WT1 gene, located on chromosome 11p132,3 and coding for a protein necessary for the development of the kidney and gonads before birth.4 Other low frequency recurrent genetic mutations have been identified within CTNNB1, TP53, and IGF-II genes.5,6 Histologically, many nephroblastomas replicate the histology of the developing kidney.7 A variety of cell types (which include blastema, epithelium, and stroma) are present in most lesions. The relative proportion of each cell or tissue type varies from case to case and the diverse cell types may express variable degree of differentiation. Most tumors have triphasic pattern, containing blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cell types, but biphasic and monophasic lesions are often observed. Wilms tumors with WT1 mutations have predominant stromal-type histology (str-WT) and have been shown to display morphological, phenotypic, and biological features similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).8 Indeed, str-WT cells expressed typical MSC surface markers, including CD105, CD73, and CD90. Moreover, they showed stem cell-like properties being able to differentiate toward adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages.
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation – 19-Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in India
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Hema Kini, Saraswathy Sreeram, Saumya Shukla, Sadashiva Rao, Kausalya Sahu, Deepa Adiga, Pooja Suresh
CPAMs can show associated lesions on microscopy. Metaplastic change can be seen in cysts. Cartilage is usually detected in type 0 CPAM, however, chondroid metaplasia can be seen in any type, as was seen in one case with type 2 CPAM in our study (Table 1, case 7). About 5–10% of type 2 CPAMs show cartilage [18]. Unresected or incompletely resected lesions of type 1 CPAM are surmised to have some risk for adenocarcinoma (0.7%). Moreover, meticulous microscopic examination, especially of large cysts like in types 1 and 4, is crucial to detect malignant foci of spindled cells or immature chondroid, which is diagnostic of cystic pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) [15]. In fact, any degree of high cellularity is taken to be Type 1 PPB. The absence of blastemal component is touted to be a sign of regression of malignancy in PPB1, leading the morphology seen in type 4 CPAM [8]. Immunohistochemical reaction with desmin, myogenin or myoD1 is indicated to differentiate PPB from CPAM, because the mesenchymal fibroblasts in CPAM are not reactive. This distinction is important because cystic PPBs are known to recur with an increased grade of malignancy if incompletely resected [8, 15]. However, in our study, blastemal component was not detected in any case. Blastema is the diffuse or solid nests of small round blue cells, which are distinctly different from malignant spindle cells, which are pleomorphic, elongated cells.
In vivo Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in Homeostatic versus Regenerating Planarians
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Nathalie Leynen, Frank G.A.J Van Belleghem, Annelies Wouters, Hannelore Bove, Jan-Pieter Ploem, Elsy Thijssen, Sabine A.S. Langie, Robert Carleer, Marcel Ameloot, Tom Artois, Karen Smeets
To assess a possible disturbance of the ROS balance by AgNPs in exposed animals, we added a water soluble SOD inhibitor to the exposure medium. Diethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt (DETC, 0.25 µM; Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in cultivation medium with 5 mg/l PVP-AgNPs and compared with control animals (medium and medium + DETC) and exposed animals (5 mg/l PVP-AgNPs). Regenerating animals were compared with homeostatic animals, ten animals were used per condition. After 7 days, effects were studied by measuring differences in the unpigmented regeneration bud at the wound side, which is called the blastema. Blastema areas were quantified using ImageJ (version 1.48v) on digital micrographs of gliding animals acquired with a Nikon DS-Ri2 digital camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ800 stereomicroscope. Each blastema area is an average of three independent measurements, normalized against the total body area of the worm.