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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Betalains are water-soluble bioactive pigments classified into betacyanin pigment, which is red-violet in color, and betaxanthin pigment, which is yellow-orange in color. The major betalain in red beetroot is betanin, which belongs to red betacyanin pigment. Betalains have high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are used to fight oxidative stress and chronic inflammation such as liver disease, arthritis, and even cancer (181–185). Red beetroot or Beta vulgaris rubra is richer in antioxidants than other Beta vulgaris varieties.
Micronutrients and Nutraceuticals: Effects on Exercise Performance
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Stella L. Volpe, Quentin Nichols
Beet really is “beetroot” since it is the root of the plant. It was formally known as “Beta vulgaris” and gets it colour from betanin, which has been suggested to prevent oxidative stress. Beetroot, as well as arugula and watermelon, provide high sources of dietary nitrate. Dietary nitrate can improve exercise performance because of an increased production of nitric oxide (32). The International Olympic Committee recommends beetroot/dietary nitrate supplementation as having enough evidence to use it in sport-specific scenarios (41). The Australian Institute of Sport also suggests that beetroot/dietary nitrate supplementation qualify as having strong sport-specific evidence to recommend its use (6). The International Society of Sports Nutrition stated in their review of the current evidence on supplementation that nitrates show an ergogenic benefit within the context of specific sport events (34). The general recommendation for nitrate supplementation is 300–600 mg (34).
Selected Functional Foods That Combat the Effects of Hyperglycemia and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The investigators concluded that these effects were likely mediated, at least in part, by the betalains present in beetroot (El Gamal, AlSaid, Raish et al. 2014). In another study published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, it was reported that betanin treatment (25 and 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days) significantly inhibits NF-κB DNA-binding activity in rats with induced acute renal damage (Tan, Wang, Bai et al. 2015).
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Betanin Against U87MG Human Glioma Cells and Normal Human Lymphocytes and Its Anticancer Potential Through Mitochondrial Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Ahmad Salimi, Tannaz Bahiraei, Sana Ahdeno, Saba Vatanpour, Jalal Pourahmad
The important aim in the drug discovery is to find affordable, safe, and efficacious chemotherapeutic agents. Bioactive natural compounds are favorite candidates for these objectives, and they have the great importance in the drug discovery today (10). Recent investigations have shown that anticancer activity of numerous natural compounds in gliomas by specifically targeting mitochondrial dysfunction (6). Recent published works have indicated the protective role of beetroot extracts against carcinogenesis and their cytotoxic activity on tumor cells. Among these natural compounds in beetroot extracts, betanin is the only betalain approved for use in food and pharmaceutical products as a natural red colorant and with anticancer effect (11). In this study, we searched the selective cytotoxicity of betanin on U87MG human glioma cells and their mitochondria and compared the findings with those of human normal lymphocytes as noncancerous normal control cells.
Betanin and Peripheral Artery Vasospasm
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Jordi Camps, Simona Iftimie, Antoni Castro, Jorge Joven
Betanin, or beetroot red, is a red glycosidic pigment obtained from many vegetable roots, totally innocuous for human consumption and widely employed in the food industry as a colorant. Betanin is a powerful antioxidant and has attracted attention from researchers due to its anti-inflammatory effects in human hepatic cells. This molecule can induce the translocation of the erythroid 2-related factor 2 antioxidant response element from the cytosol to the nuclear compartment of hepatic cells, enhancing the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and heme oxygenase, and eliciting hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic effects. The potential pharmacological use of betanin is currently a very promising research field [8]. For example, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of the intravenous administration of betanin in the vasospasm experimental model, since it has been reported that the oral absorption of betanin is lower than 90%, because it is mostly metabolized by the walls of the gastrointestinal tract [9]. It would also be interesting to assess the effects of betanin over time, or depending on whether it is administered through short-term or long-term schedules, and to investigate how long its effect lasts when its administration stops.
Protective effects of betanin against paracetamol and diclofenac induced neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Tarek K. Motawi, Samia A. Ahmed, Noha A. El-Boghdady, Nadia S. Metwally, Noha N. Nasr
Betanin is one of the 10 most potent water-soluble nitrogen-containing antioxidant pigment presents in red beet root (Beta vulgaris L.) and Cactus pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica) (Han et al.2015, Al-Aboud 2018). Previous studies showed that betanin has anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects (Kapadia et al.2011, Livrea and Tesoriere 2012, Hfaiedh et al.2014, Han et al.2015). According to studies done by Lu et al. (2009) and Han et al. (2014), betanin can protect mice from γ-irradiation and can inhibit lipid peroxidation and heme decomposition in rat liver. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study was carried out to explore the biological activities of betanin on the brain and endocrine system. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of betanin against the brain damage and disruptions of endocrine system induced by long-term administration of PAR and DF in rats as an experimental model.