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Ethnopharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Gurpreet Singh, Pooja Chawla, Abdul Faruk, Viney Chawla
The published studies on dengue specified that the juice of papaya leaves could help to increase the platelets and white blood cells count in these patients.15,80 A study in 2012 has reported about in vitro studies of papaya leaf extracts on persons infected with dengue. Papaya leaf extract inhibited the heat- and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and has membrane-stabilizing properties.76 In a randomized controlled trial in dengue patients, there was an increment in platelets-related genes like arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and platelet-activating factor receptor gene and that contributed to the prevention of platelet lysis. In folk medicine, papaya leaves have been used for the management of dengue fever with hemorrhagic symptoms.91
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of hepoxilins and their analogs
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2023
Sara A. Helal, Fadumo Ahmed Isse, Samar H. Gerges, Ayman O. S. El-Kadi
Even though HXs mainly are produced from 12S-LOX, a novel LOX pathway in the normal epidermis was proposed in 2002 by Fischer and his colleagues who provided genetic evidence that established the role of LOX enzymes in the skin (Jobard et al. 2002). The analysis of the catalytic activities of 12 R-LOX and eLOX3 in the skin suggested that they can form HX metabolites (Brash et al. 2007). In addition, biochemical studies using recombinant enzymes found that the biochemical activities of the eLOX3 enzyme exhibit hydroperoxide isomerase activity and can convert 12 R-HpETE to specific hepoxilin-type derivatives (Yu et al. 2003). Genetic mutations of either arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX12B) which encodes 12 R-LOX enzyme or arachidonate lipoxygenase-3 gene (ALOXE3) encoding eLOX3 enzyme result in deficiency of some HXs and can cause loss of the integrity of the epidermal water barrier. This is greatly associated with a skin disease called ichthyosis which is characterized by severe dehydration, infections, and chronic blistering of the skin (Muñoz-Garcia et al. 2014).
Establishing molecular signatures of stroke focusing on omic approaches: a narrative review
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Abhilash Ludhiadch, Kanika Vasudeva, Anjana Munshi
Cevic et al. (2016) carried out a study on the proteins associated with cellular metabolic processes using UPLC- ESI-qTOF-MS approach. They found ALOX12 (Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase), HRG (Histidine rich glycoproteins), MPO (Myeloperoxidase), cell signaling protein CRKL (Crk-like protein), cell adhesion protein VTN (Vitronectin), RHOA (Ras homolog gene family member A). ITGA2B (Integrin alpha 2 b), THBS1 (Thrombospondin 1), ITGB3 (Integrin beta 3), structural protein APOH (Apolipoprotein H), IGHG1 (Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1), transporter protein APOA1 (Apolipoprotein A-I), IGHG3 (Immunoglobulin heavy constant 3), AMBP (Alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor) and immunity proteins C3 (Complement component 3), CLU (Clusterin) to be associated with platelet activation and response during IS [78].
Macrophages and brown adipocytes cross-communicate to modulate a thermogenic program following methamphetamine exposure
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Manuel Sanchez-Alavez, Nikki Bortell, Liana Basova, Fahumiya Samad, Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes
Macrophages isolated from BAT were stimulated with Meth or NE in vitro for 24 h, and the transcription of genes in the oxidative stress response was measured using pathway-targeted PCR arrays. As expected, both Meth and NE disturbed the oxidative stress response pathway, with common and distinctive effects (Figure 4). The transcription of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was significantly decreased by Meth (Figure 4(A,C)), but only marginally by NE (Figure 4(B,C)). SOD2 showed a trend for downregulation when Meth or NE was added to macrophages, but this was not statistically significant, compared to vehicle-stimulation. SOD3 has shown a trend for downregulation with Meth and upregulation with NE, but these changes were not statistically significant. Other genes in the oxidative stress pathway that were significantly affected by Meth (Figure 4(A)), include the upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2, 1.51-fold, p = 0.001), Apolipoprotein E (APOE, 1.51-fold, p = 0.04), Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase (ALOX12, 1.5-fold, p = 0.01), Mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2, 5-fold, p = 0.04), glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPX6, 29-fold, p = 0.02), and peroxidasin (PXDN, 265-fold, p = 0.003). NE, on the other hand, mostly decreased the genes in this pathway in macrophages (Figure 4(B)), with significant effects in downregulating NOS2 (0.73-fold, p = 0.006), lactoperoxidase (LPO, 0.7-fold, p = 0.007), thyroid peroxidase (TPO, 0.38-fold, p = 0.009) and the peroxidasin-like precursor protein (PXDNL, 0.33-fold, p = 0.001). Similar to Meth, NE increased PXDN by 90-fold (p < 0.0001).