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Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
The occurrence of COVID-19 may be related to elevated inflammatory factor levels or “cytokine storm”; therefore, inhibiting the production of these inflammatory factors is essential for the treatment of COVID-19. Arachidonic acid (AA) mediates the production of various inflammatory factors and is closely related to the occurrence, development, and regression of inflammation. Inhibition of the AA metabolism pathway helps to inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in the body and alleviates cytokine storm. Through screening, Ren Yue et al. found that prescribing huoxiangzhengqi capsule, jinhuqinggan granule, lianhuqingwen capsule, qingfei detoxification decoction, xuebijing injection, retoxing injection, and tanreqing injection have potential inhibitory effects on the AA metabolism pathway and may inhibit the pneumonia caused by COVID-19 by relieving the cytokine storm.
Fats, Fatty Acids, and Lipids
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Soybean oil greatly increased linoleic acid levels and decreased dihomogammalinolenic acid (DHGLA) levels slightly and briefly, indicating a minor inhibition of delta-6-desaturase. However, the MCT oil diet caused a rapid increase in DHGLA production, while the black-currant oil diet produced an even larger increase in DHGLA production. Arachidonic acid levels did not change at any time with any diet. The only diet that increased levels of the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the blackcurrant oil diet. Increases of 32% over baseline were measured after 3 weeks of supplementation. The ratio of DHGLA + EPA/arachidonic acid was constant after soybean oil, but increased after the MCT-enriched or black-currant oil diets, with the latter producing an increase of 50% by 3 weeks.
Oral Corticosteroids
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Lipocortins (annexins) inhibit the activity of phospholipase A2. Phospholipase A2 releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids for production of prostanoids and leukotrienes, which produces an inflammatory response. Corticosteroids act as anti-inflammatories by stimulating the production of lipocortins. Corticosteroids also inhibit formation of interleukin-1 by inhibiting mRNA. By altering arachidonic acid metabolism and reducing interleukin-1 formation, corticosteroids produce immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-mitogenic effects [4,5].
Antinociceptive activity of doliroside B
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Xishan Bai, Yanhong Li, Yuxiao Li, Min Li, Ming Luo, Kai Tian, Mengyuan Jiang, Yong Xiong, Ya Lu, Yukui Li, Haibo Yu, Xiangzhong Huang
Due to the potent analgesic activity of DBDS in the acetic acid-induced nociceptive model, we planned to have an insight into its antinociceptive mechanism. Injection of acetic acid, which caused inflammatory pain, could promote the synthesis of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid catalyzed by COX can form various prostaglandins (PG). As one of them, PGE2 can induce hyperalgesia. Hence, reduction of COX is an effective pathway to relieve inflammatory pain. Therefore, we decided to test its activity on COX production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Testing results showed that DBDS had effective anti-COX-1 activity with high selectivity. Though COX-2-selective agents provide good anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions, it would increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases when these are taken chronically. In contrast, COX-1-selective agents could decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the production of thromboxane A2. Therefore, DBDS would be a potential candidate of antinociceptive agent used clinically for patients with a history of myocardial or cerebral infarction.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and urinary flow rate: a nationwide study, NHANES 2009–2016
Published in The Aging Male, 2023
Yifan Li, Shi Qiu, Xianghong Zhou, Boyu Cai, Sheng Wang, Xingyu Xiong, Kun Jin, Lu Yang, Qiang Wei
Some previous studies have shown that dietary patterns and urination functions are closely related. For example, a recent research suggested that a decreased risk of voiding dysfunction was found in relation to fish and olive oil, which contain lots of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) [30]. Most of the metabolites of n-3 PUFA have anti-inflammatory effect. Among them, Resolvin-E1 (RvE1) can inhibit the activation of neutrophils, prevent the migration of neutrophils across the endothelium, induce apoptosis of neutrophils, promote the non-inflammatory clearance of neutrophils by macrophages in inflammatory sites, and reduce the production of IL-12 [31,32]. Moreover, Das et al. [33] explored that arachidonic acid is the major precursor of inflammation. Therefore, foods with high saturated fat and cholesterol which rich in arachidonic acid have higher DII score. It is benefit for voiding dysfunction patients to reduce the intake of these foods whose metabolites are inflammatory triggers. Furthermore, in the NHANS III survey, 2,337 men aged 60 years and older had a borderline correlation between lower urinary tract voiding symptoms and serum CRP, which is a marker of inflammation [34].
The role of nutrition on Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi, Laura Rizzi, Fahad Somaa
A higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids might reduce the risk of PD, while arachidonic acid intake may increase the disease risk [184]. However, the negative influence of saturated fat in men could not be excluded [33]. Powers et al. [40] reported that men have a marginally increased risk of PD regarding monounsaturated fat, while women exhibited a decreased risk, even for the highest fat-intake rates. Total, saturated, and unsaturated fat (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) docosahexaenoic acid exhibited no consistent associations with PD. Only polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was inversely associated with PD risk [48,159], while no correlation was found between PD risk and protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and energy intakes. Dong et al. [52] performed a prospective study and found that fat intake was not related to the risk for PD and only a weak correlation between n-6 PUFA and PD intake. It seems that the fatty acid subtype is a determinant component. A higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of PD, while higher saturated fats may increase the risk. [184]. Conversely, Tan et al. [54] analyzed a population-prospective cohort, although they found no statistically significant association between dietary saturated n-3/n-6 fatty acids and PD risk. A higher intake of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids could reduce the risk of PD in men and women, respectively.