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Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Karanpreet Singh Bhatia, Arpita Roy, Navneeta Bhardavaj
Aegle marmelos commonly known as bael or Bhel or Bengal quince or wood apple, is a fellow of Rutaceae and indigenous to Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Its hypoglycemic effects in hyperglycemic rats were tested using an aqueous extract of its seeds at a dosage of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg. It was found that 0.25 g/kg was the most potent dosage resulting in reduction of blood sugar levels by 35.1% in normal healthy rats, 33.2% in mild and 41.2% in sub hyperglycemic rats (Kesari et al., 2006). In another study it was observed that A. marmelos extract resisted the blood glucose increase after oral sucrose intake (250 mg/kg) and remarkably improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 hyperglycemic rats. This extracts also demonstrated a remarkable change in secretion of insulin in interval of half an hour. This hypoglycemic activity was due to the prevention of carbohydrates digestion and assimilation (alpha-amylase inhibition), and increase insulin secretion (Ansari et al., 2017).
Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Amylases are enzymes that help to convert complex carbohydrates like starch into simple sugars. They are divided into three groups: alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and gamma-amylase. γ-amylase, is most effective in acidic conditions. Recently, researchers have discovered extracellular amylase-producing terrestrial bacteria like Saccharomycopsis, Arxula adeninivorans, Candida japonica, Saccharomycopsis, Lipomyces, Filobasidium capsuligenum, and Schwanniomyces.
Tropical Herbs and Spices as Functional Foods with Antidiabetic Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Arnia Sari Mukaromah, Fitria Susilowati
Alpha-amylase inhibition assay is commonly used to determine antidiabetic activity. According to the research, clove essential oil exhibits maximum anti-diabetic activity at 100 ug mL−1, whereas clove essential oil emulsion (essential oil (25%) + tween 80 (75%) + ethanol (25%) + water (25%)) shows a maximum anti-diabetic capability (as much as 95.30% inhibition of α-amylase activity) [103]. In addition, clove is an excellent functional food and is appropriate for alternative therapeutic of type-2 DM, because it can prevent activity of key enzymes in type-2 diabetic patients, such as: a-amylase and a-glucosidase [1].
Saliva proteomic profile of early childhood caries and caries-free children
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Bethania Paludo Oliveira, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Natália Caldeira Silva, Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura, Júlia Toniolo, Jonas Almeida Rodrigues
Salivary alpha-amylase can modulate bacterial colonization by binding to membranes of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli, promoting their removal from the oral cavity and decreasing the risk of caries [28]. It was previously reported in a longitudinal study that Alpha-amylase activity was significantly higher in the saliva of CF children compared to children with ECC, suggesting that the low salivary activity of this enzyme may be an ECC risk predictor [29]. In the present study, Alpha-amylase 1 and 2b were up-regulated in the CF group, suggesting the likely protective potential of them in young children. Additionally, the functional analysis demonstrated that 9.4% of the processes most affected were involved with alpha-amylase activity in the molecular function (Figure 4). However, a recent study that investigated the activity of pellicle enzymes and their distribution and fluorescence pattern in children revealed that activities of amylase were not associated with caries status [30].
Lower activity of salivary alpha-amylase in youths with depression
Published in Stress, 2020
Daniela Jezova, Jana Trebaticka, Katarina Buzgoova, Zdenka Durackova, Natasa Hlavacova
Lower alpha-amylase activity in youths with depression as compared to that in healthy controls was unexpected with respect to the hypothesis postulated. As the alpha-amylase activity has not yet been investigated in this context, the present data cannot be directly confronted with previous studies. The majority of the present sample was newly diagnosed adolescents and consistently, lower alpha-amylase activity was observed in drug-naive adult patients with first episode of depression compared to healthy subjects (Szarmach et al., 2017). The present finding is consistent also with the results obtained in anxious healthy prepubertal children exhibiting lower alpha-amylase activity compared to non-anxious children (Kapsdorfer et al., 2018). Thus, the low alpha-amylase activity revealed in this study may be related to age scope studied as well as to the presence of patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder in the present sample.
Higher perceived stress is associated with lower cortisol concentrations but higher salivary interleukin-1beta in socially evaluated cold pressor test
Published in Stress, 2020
Katarina Buzgoova, Lucia Balagova, Martin Marko, Daniela Kapsdorfer, Igor Riecansky, Daniela Jezova
The present results demonstrate that the time course of changes in alpha-amylase activity throughout the socially evaluated CPT is different in low and high stress perception groups. We failed to observe a strong stress-induced elevation of alpha-amylase activity described previously (Sanger, Bechtold, Schoofs, Blaszkewicz, & Wascher, 2014). However, the mentioned authors performed the socially evaluated CPT differently, namely by immersion of the forearm, excluding the hand, to ice water for 3 min (or until they could no longer tolerate it). The present results are consistent with the data of Giles, Mahoney, Brunyé, Taylor, and Kanarek (2014) who did not observe elevation of alpha-amylase activity in response to socially evaluated CPT in healthy subjects (but without taking into account the degree of stress perception). These authors reported higher values of alpha-amylase before the test compared to the values in a non-stressed control group. In the present investigation, alpha-amylase activity decreased immediately after hand withdrawal and then returned back to initial values though with a different dynamics in the groups.