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Complications Related to Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction I
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Successful prevention of urinary stones in NBD patients depends on regular positioning of the paralyzed patients, high fluid intake, early mobilization, proper treatment of UTI, prevention of subsequent infection, and the use of urinary acidifiers.34
Micronutrient Supplementation and Ergogenesis — Metabolic Intermediates
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Blood pH (normally 7.35 to 7.45) is tightly controlled by a bicarbonate buffer system even during exercise, when blood pH can drop to 7.0 and muscle pH from 7.0 to 6.4.352–355 Lactic acid formed by anaerobic glycolysis is the primary acidifier during exercise.354 Lowered pH inhibits phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting step in glycolysis,356,357 leading to fatigue. Thus, acidosis is one major factor causing fatigue during exercise.354 This statement is further supported by numerous observations of decreased exercise performance after induced metabolic or respiratory acidosis.358–367 Conversely, the hypothesis that metabolic alkalosis will increase the body’s buffer reserve and thus delay fatigue has been tested repeatedly since the 1930s.
Complications related to neurogenic bladder dysfunction I: Infection, lithiasis, and neoplasia
Published in Jacques Corcos, David Ginsberg, Gilles Karsenty, Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder, 2015
Successful prevention of urinary stones in NBD patients depends on regular positioning of the paralyzed patients, high fluid intake, early mobilization, proper treatment of UTI, and prevention of subsequent infection. One of the most effective methods in prevention of struvite stone formation is the use of urinary acidifiers; these agents will decrease the urinary pH, preventing precipitation of phosphate stones and subsequently struvite stone formation. One of the most commonly used urinary acidifiers is methenamine mandelate at a dose of 4–5 g/day. It can stabilize the urinary pH at a value of 5.5, so reducing urinary saturation and crystallization of phosphates and carbonates.54 Other examples of urinary acidifiers are 3–4 g daily of L-methionine and 3–4 g daily of ammonium chloride.55,56
Treatment of otomycosis with clotrimazole: results accordingly with the fungus isolated
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Joselina Antunes, Nuno Mendes, Cristina Adónis, Filipe Freire
The main treatment of otomycosis comprises elimination of predisposing factors and EAC residue removal [2,4]. There are some recommended topical treatment alternatives for otomycosis, which can be used alone or combined. Among them, we can find acidifiers (3% boric acid in isopropyl alcohol or 2% acetic acid), antiseptics (10% povidone iodine 10% or gentian violet solution) or antifungals. In Portugal, there are some topical antifungals in various pharmaceutical forms, but only one is destined to ear use, 1% clotrimazole ear drops. There are several systemic antifungal options, but its use is not ideal because they have too many drug interactions and contraindications for the type of population that is more frequently affected by this illness. It is known that the most commonly encountered Candida species are multisensitive to antifungals that are available in Portugal. By other hand, Aspergillus species are usually not sensitive to some of the ambulatory antifungals available, namely fluconazole, one of the most well tolerated systemic antifungals [2,4–6].
Prediction of the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions: relationship of aging and phase separation with the thermodynamic and kinetic models along with characterization techniques
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Zhaoyang Zhang, Luning Dong, Jueshuo Guo, Li Li, Bin Tian, Qipeng Zhao, Jianhong Yang
For pH-dependent weak acid or weak basic drugs, adding acidifiers (alkalizers) to change the microenvironment pH or forming ionic bonds, effectively improves the solubility of API and the stability of SDs. The relevant principles remain to be explored. Henceforth, the physical stability of SDs can be improved by preparing ternary solid dispersions. Nevertheless, it is still vital to consider improving characterization techniques, besides the above measures, to realize the real-time monitoring of the molecular mobility and crystal nucleus formation rate. All these issues need to be addressed with further research and exploration, in our future work.
Preparation, characterization and ex vivo–in vivo assessment of candesartan cilexetil nanocrystals via solid dispersion technique using an alkaline esterase activator carrier
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Ahmed M. Amer, Ahmed N. Allam, Ossama Y. Abdallah
Selection of carrier is crucial for an effective formulation of SD, the properties of carriers majorly influence dissolution characteristics of the drug [23]. Literature reports that incorporation of either acidifiers or alkalinizers in SD formation of weak basic or acidic drugs with poor water solubility enhance the dissolution rate due to their effect on the microenvironment pH in the diffusion layer [24–26]. Among those studies, for example, SD of telmisartan with PEG 6000 in the presence of different alkalinizers verified a significant increase in the dissolution pattern and subsequently bioavailability enhancement [27].