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Separation Of The Bound And Unbound Forms Of The Radioactivity
Published in Erwin Regoeczi, Iodine-Labeled Plasma Proteins, 2019
It is practical to adopt standardized precipitating conditions with respect to sample volume and acid strength. For most purposes this laboratory uses 2-m𝓁 samples precipitated with an equal volume of 20% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid or 5% phosphotungstic acid. The latter is prepared by dissolving dodeca-tungstophosphohc acid (H3PO4·12WO3 + xH2O) in 2 M HC1 to yield a 5% (w/v) solution. Supernatant radioactivities are always measured in the same volume as total radioactivities.
Precipitation and Acid/Base Aqueous Reactions
Published in Patrick E. McMahon, Rosemary F. McMahon, Bohdan B. Khomtchouk, Survival Guide to General Chemistry, 2019
Patrick E. McMahon, Rosemary F. McMahon, Bohdan B. Khomtchouk
The ionization reaction of acids with water as a base is the reference reaction for classification of acid strength. While equilibrium calculations are required for quantification of acid strength (Chapter 26), the analysis in these sections will very generally define an acid as either weak or strong based on the approximate efficiency of an acid’s ionization reaction with water.
High sensitivity LC-MS profiling of antibody-drug conjugates with difluoroacetic acid ion pairing
Published in mAbs, 2019
Jennifer M. Nguyen, Jacquelynn Smith, Susan Rzewuski, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Matthew A. Lauber
We also examined levels of on-column degradation that occurred under various conditions. Elevated temperatures and stronger acidic conditions improve protein recovery but may induce backbone hydrolysis.9,20,21 This on-column degradation is exacerbated when proteins adsorb too strongly onto the stationary phase. As can be seen in Supplementary Figure S2, on-column degradation of the ADC increases with increasing acid strength. The D/P cleavage of the Fc/2 is marginal in FA conditions and increases as the conditions change to DFA and TFA. In all, it was necessary to lower column temperature to afford more accurate, higher fidelity information. So long as DFA was increased to a concentration of 0.15%, a column temperature of 70°C could be used with no apparent decrease in protein recovery. With this change, on-column degradation was markedly reduced (by over 50%) versus the use of TFA mobile phase at an 80 °C temperature. Notably, an increase from 0.1% to 0.15% DFA did not result in any significant compromises to LC resolving power, MS sensitivity or spectra quality (Supplementary Figure S5). However, since protein recovery with 0.15% DFA and a column temperature of 70°C was marginally higher (by about 4%) versus using 0.1% DFA, the latter concentration was chosen going forward for any work on additional ADCs.
Encapsulation of propolis extracts in aqueous formulations by using nanovesicles of lipid and poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Chatmani Buachi, Charothar Thammachai, Brian J. Tighe, Paul D. Topham, Robert Molloy, Patchara Punyamoonwongsa
Prior to the PSMA/lipid complexation, a critical pKa value for each PSMA type must be examined. For this, the potentiometric titration curves were constructed for both 1000 P and 2000 P types, as presented in Figure 4. The half-equivalent point volume was extrapolated to obtain the value of pKa, reflecting the acid content or the acid strength of the material [25]. As noticed in Figure 4, the 2000 P sample shows the corresponding pKa value of around 4.8, while that of the 1000 P sample is around 4.3. Led by these results, the lipid complexation with 1000 P and 2000 P was performed at pH 4.3 and pH 4.8, respectively.
The versatility of azelaic acid in dermatology
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Tamara Searle, Faisal R. Ali, Firas Al-Niaimi
In a case series, 11 HS patients were treated with azelaic acid (strength not recorded) of which three patients showed improvement in the DLQI and one had improvement in numeric rating scale, but these were not significant (35).