China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Wound Care (Chronic)/Delayed Healing
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Acetic Acid (1%): Acetic acid is known for its antimicrobial effect on bacteria. Acetic acid is present in vinegar in a 3%–5% concentration and has been used in medicine for thousands of years. In vitro and in vivo testing of acetic acid against bacterial biofilms has been shown to be effective against planktonic and biofilm bacteria.11 The recurrence of soft tissue deterioration despite antibiotic treatment and/or surgical debridement would be an indication for treatment with acetic acid. Another indication is chronic P. aeruginosa soft tissue infection.11 Application of 1% acetic acid solution in isotonic saline was applied for an average of nine days. Treatment completely eradicated P. aeruginosa biofilms (i.e., no viable counts on plates) and completely eradicated of S. aureus.11
Enzyme-Releasing Peptide
Published in Jason Kelley, Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
Allen B. Cohen, Edmund J. Miller, Cassandra MacArthur
During the early studies, the conditioned medium was lyophilized and reconstituted in 10% acetic acid for storage at −70°C. When used, the material was concentrated to dryness by centrifugal-vacuum concentration and reconstituted in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). These preparations were purified only on a Sephadex column, followed by a Biogel P-2 column. Analysis of the enzyme-releasing fraction also showed chemotactic activity (Cohen et al., 1982). However, subsequent analysis of an immunopurified sample showed no chemotactic activity (MacArthur et al., 1987). Therefore, we currently believe that the factor releases enzymes, but it is not chemotactic.
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
The organisms that matter are: A group A beta haemolytic streptococcus which causes cellulitis (see p. 276). This is a clinical diagnosis – the skin is red, and hot to the touch. This should be treated with high dose flucloxacillin or oral penicillin V.Pseudomonas which causes a green discoloration and has a distinctive foul smell. This can be treated with 0.75% metronidazole (Anabact) gel applied directly to the wound or using dressings impregnated with silver, cadoxemer iodine, PHMB or medicated honey (seeAppendix 8, p 345). Acetic acid (apply as household vinegar diluted 50:50 in water), soaked onto a swab and left on for 5 minutes is also very effective.
Antinociceptive activity of doliroside B
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Xishan Bai, Yanhong Li, Yuxiao Li, Min Li, Ming Luo, Kai Tian, Mengyuan Jiang, Yong Xiong, Ya Lu, Yukui Li, Haibo Yu, Xiangzhong Huang
Acetic acid-induced writhing test (Koster 1959) was employed to evaluate the analgesic effect of D. trilobus extract, DB and DBDS. Briefly, healthy female mice which are more susceptible to the development of pain (Lu and Yan 1996) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10), each group was pretreated with vehicle (distilled water), MOP (1 mg/kg), IND (10 mg/kg), ASA (100 mg/kg), and D. trilobus extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) by oral or intraperitoneal administration, respectively. After intragastric (i.g.) or intraperitoneal administration of 30 min, mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 0.6% acetic acid (0.2 mL). Following acetic acid injection, the number of writhing induced by acetic acid were counted cumulatively for 15 min. Employing the above mentioned procedures, mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10), we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of DB, DBDS, IND, ASA, and MOP by treating mice with vehicle and different dose of test compounds, respectively. Among the tests in the absence and presence of NAL (5 mg/kg), i.p. injection of NAL was performed 40 min before acetic acid injection. The inhibition was calculated using the formula: inhibition (%) = (average of control group – average of test group)/average of control group × 100%.
Lethal toxicity induced by combined ingestion of dietary acetic acid and carbamazepine
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Iuliu Fulga, Oana-Maria Dragostin, Carmen Chitescu, Ioana Irimia, Alin Pîrăianu, Elena Stamate, Ana Fulga
Therefore, although the benefits of the rational use of food acetic acid are undeniable, irrational, voluntary, or involuntary use can cause serious health problems and even death. In this context, through this paper we aim to present a case of fatal intoxication after voluntary ingestion of dietary acetic acid, in a 52-year-old woman, who was suffering from mental illness. Toxicity of acetic acid has been extensively investigated. Several studies pointed out severe symptoms following oral ingestion of concentrated acetic acid (Brusin and Krayeva 2012, Choi et al.2012, Chibishev et al.2013, 2017, Ratcliffe et al.2018). A mortality rate ranging from 7% (Chibishev et al.2017) to 21% (Brusin and Krayeva 2012) was reported. However, fatal outcomes reports regarding dietary acetic acid intoxications are very limited (Shields et al.2016). To the best of our knowledge, the present communication is the first report of fatal intoxication with dietary acetic acid in an adult. Furthermore, as a particularity of the case, the cumulative toxicity of acetic acid and carbamazepine, measured in high concentration in post mortem samples, was discussed. The toxicological and histopathological aspects were addressed for death mechanism elucidation.
Prevention and treatment of burn wound infections: the role of topical antimicrobials
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Deepak K. Ozhathil, Steven E. Wolf
The most significant barrier to use is pain with application and wound cytotoxicity. In the previously described study by Wilson and colleagues, the standard 0.25% acetic acid solution was cytotoxic to cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes and was only not cytotoxic after a tenfold dilution (0.025%)[76]. Lineaweaver and colleagues compared the cytotoxic effect and bactericidal effect of four antimicrobial solutions. In vitro, they also found that 0.25% acetic acid was cytotoxic to cultured fibroblasts, while 0.025% solutions were mildly cytotoxic and 0.0025% solutions were non-cytotoxic. In contrast, 78% of bacterial cultures survived exposure to 0.25% acetic acid. In vivo (rat models), they showed that compared to no irrigation, wounds exposed to 0.25% acetic acid had statistically significant impaired wound healing and diminished tensile strength [77]. These findings suggest that acetic acid does not have a concentration that is both effective against pathogens and non-cytotoxic to the wound. Lastly, although serious systemic toxicity can occur if ingested, topical absorption is negligible. Summary: Acetic acid is a readily available and inexpensive anti-microbial agent that has been utilized in wound care for over a century. However, it is relatively more cytotoxic than bactericidal, making it a less practical choice for wound irrigation than dilute Dakins’ Solution™ or silver nitrate.