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Cytokines and Alveolar Type II Cells
Published in Jason Kelley, Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
Standiford and co-workers (1990) have demonstrated that A549 pulmonary epithelial cells express both IL-8 mRNA and protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when stimulated by either tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1. In addition, medium conditioned by lipopolysaccharide-treated alveolar macrophages induced the expression of IL-8 mRNA by A549 epithelial cells. When the conditioned medium from the lipopolysaccharide-treated alveolar macrophages was incubated with antihuman tumor necrosis factor or IL-1β–neutralizing antibodies, IL-8 mRNA expression by A549 pulmonary epithelial cells was significantly diminished. Antihuman IL-8 antibodies significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, both IL-1β- and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated A549 pulmonary epithelial cell-derived neutrophil chemotactic activity. These studies suggest that pulmonary epithelial cells may be important in intercellular cytokine networks within the alveolus. However, the A549 cell line is an imperfect representation of the alveolar type II cell (Mason and Williams, 1980), and IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production in freshly isolated type II cells have not yet been studied.
Essential Oils in Cancer Therapy
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Carmen Trummer, Gerhard Buchbauer
The monoterpene carvacrol is widespread in many EOs of the Lamiaceae plant family. For example, it is present in the EO fraction of Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus. Koparal and Zeytinoglu (2003) investigated the effects of carvacrol on a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, A549. Usually the A549 cells exhibit a polygonal shape and a sheet-like pattern in the culture, which is like the epithelial origin. The authors treated the cells with four different concentrations of the oil (100, 250, 500, and 1000 μM) for 24 h; 100 μM of carvacrol did not show any effects, but the treatment with 250 μM of carvacrol lead to morphological shape changes of the cells. At concentrations of 500 and 1000 μM, carvacrol exerted apoptotic characteristics, and morphological changes could be described. The phenolic compound carvacrol is also well known for its antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and antioxidant activities.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Syzygium calophyllifolium on A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
Rahul Chandran, Heidi Abrahamse
The change in cellular morphology was observed using inverted microscopy. The A549 cells were treated and incubated with different doses of the SCBM extracts. An evident change in cellular morphology was observed after 24 hours. The loss of membrane integrity, cell to cell contact, rounding, vacuolation, and cell detachment for the culture plate surface were seen as indications of cell death. These signs were more evident in the treated groups as compared to the control (untreated) ones (Figure 26.1). These morphological features depicted the toxicity of the SCBM extract on A549 cells, indicating the signs of apoptosis (Monga et al. 2013). However, this has to be confirmed using further biochemical and molecular study.
BAG1, MGMT, FOXO1, and DNAJA1 as potential drug targets for radiosensitizing cancer cell lines
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Bayanika Manunu, Antonio M. Serafin, John M. Akudugu
Of the cell lines used in this study, based on the correlations observed between gene expression changes and cellular response to radiation exposure in accordance with cell survival at 2 Gy (typical conventional dose per fraction), it is demonstrated that the lung carcinoma (A549) and glioblastoma (G28) cell lines were the most radioresistant of the malignant cells. The A549 cells used in this study are much more radiosensitive than those investigated by Sappington et al. (2016). This disparity is likely due to the ∼8-fold (3 versus 24 h) delay in irradiation of cell cultures following seeding in the latter study. Prolonged incubation of cells after trysinization can lead to cell doubling and, hence, irradiation of doublets instead of single cells. This can be expected to significantly increase cell survival, as seen in the study of Sappington et al. (2016). The doubling time of A549 cells has been reported to be less than 24 h (Allen et al. 2015; Horibe et al. 2018).
Monoclonal antibody as a targeting mediator for nanoparticle targeted delivery system for lung cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Nasrul Wathoni, Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa, I Made Joni, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Khaled M. Elamin, Tiana Milanda, Dolih Gozali
Lipid nanoparticles encapsulating PD-L1 ligand antibodies were created using double emulsion and thin-film dispersion techniques to entrap Adriamycin. A549 cells were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. The results showed that at the same Adriamycin concentration, the intracellular derived fluorescence of the nanoparticles with this ligand was much larger than that of the nanoparticles without the ligand. The findings showed that nanoparticles containing an anti-PD-L1 ligand decreased tumor volume in the experimental animals more than the Adriamycin-only group (Xing et al., 2020). Other formulations of lipid-based nanoparticles using hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles hybrid pH sensitive lipid-polymer with erlotinib and bevacizumab ligands for lung cancer targeting NSCLC exhibits stable nanoparticle. This formulation did not show dramatic changes in appearance, visible aggregation or precipitation, and no major changes were seen in particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Compared to nanoparticles without ligands, these nanoparticles showed an increase of accumulated particles in tumor tissue and low toxicity. The tumor volume in experimental animals was smaller in the group treated with ligand-containing nanoparticles (229.2 ± 13.1 mm3) than with ligand-free nanoparticles (437.3 ± 25.3 mm3). Therefore, this system is promising for NSCLC therapy (Pang et al., 2020).
A novel anticancer chromeno-pyrimidine analogue inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Venkateswarareddy Nallajennugari, Sankar Pajaniradje, Srividya Subramanian, Suhail Ahmad Bhat, Parthasarathi D, Savitha Bhaskaran, Syed Ali Padusha M, Rukkumani Rajagopalan
A549 and SW480 cell lines were obtained from National Center for Cell Sciences, Pune, India. The cancer cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 U/mL of penicillin and 50 μg/mL of streptomycin at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator in an atmosphere of humidified 5% CO2 and 95% air. The cells were maintained by routine sub-culturing in tissue culture flasks. The culture medium was changed every 48 h and the cells were split when they were confluent. A range of concentrations of CP4b was used for the determination of Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50). The passage number for A549 cells was p23 to p25 when the study was conducted. The passage number for SW480 cells was p31 to p33 when the study was conducted.