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Diseases of the Hair
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Rodney Sinclair, Wei-Liang Koh
Management: This depends on the extent of activity. For limited LPP, potent topical/intralesional steroids or topical tacrolimus can be used. For extensive LPP, options include hydroxychloroquine, tetracycline antibiotics, short course prednisolone (for rapidly progressive disease/flares), steroid sparing immunosuppressants (e.g. methotrexate, ciclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil), systemic retinoids and PPAR-g agonists (e.g. pioglitazone). For FFA, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) can be considered in addition. Adjunctive treatment includes minoxidil to increase background hair density and cosmetic camouflage. Hair transplants can be considered if the disease has been quiescent for at least 2 years.
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
By the 8th week, Leydig cells produce testosterone.In target cells, testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the 5-alpha reductase enzyme.DHT stimulates the development of the male external genitalia, penis, scrotum, and prostate.Testosterone induces mesonephric (Wolffian) duct development into the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, efferent ductules, and epididymis.
Mesotherapy: Dutasteride, Minoxidil, Vitamins
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
David Saceda, Claudia Bernárdez
Hair follicles of people with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are genetically susceptible to androgens that induce hair loss. Basically, the activity of 5-alpha-reductase enzyme produces dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT binds to the androgen receptor and activates the genes responsible for the gradual hair loss. After several hair cycles, the duration of the anagen phase shortens and the matrix size decreases resulting in miniaturized hairs.
A prospective study examining isolated acne and acne with hyperandrogenic signs in adult females
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Prekshi Bansal, Kabir Sardana, Lokesh Sharma, Umesh Chandra Garga, Gauri Vats
Androgen excess in adult females can manifest either biochemically or clinically or both. Clinical hyperandrogenism in form of acne, hirsutism, alopecia and irregular menses could exist even in the absence of raised serum androgens due to end organ hypersensitivity (22). The dichotomy between the high proportion of women with clinician signs of androgen excess without concomitant laboratory values has been reported previously (23) and can be explained by the role of tissue derived androgens. Cutaneous 5 alpha reductase converts testosterone to a more potent pure androgen called DHT (dihydrotestosterone) which exerts androgenic effects via its metabolite 3 alpha androstenediol glucuronide (3alpha-diol) which is a surrogate marker of peripheral androgen excess (24). Studies have shown that high levels of alpha androstenediol glucuronide and androsteroneglucuronide have been reported in women with acne with normal circulating hormones (25,26) and can explain our finding.
Is the combined auriculotherapy approach superior to magneto-auriculotherapy alone in aging males with lower urinary tract symptoms? A randomized controlled trial
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Lorna K. P. Suen, Chao Hsing Yeh, Simon K. W. Yeung, Jerry W. F. Yeung
Using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is a highly common pharmacological approach for relieving LUTS symptoms. However, patients are dissatisfied with the efficacy and the adverse effects of the drugs, and many of these individuals choose not to rely on long-term treatment [13]. Unlike the Western treatment approach, AT presents with minimal adverse effects. Only few participants experienced mild skin irritation (itchiness) due to the use of adhesive tapes and attested that this therapy is safe in application. The irritation was resolved immediately after the adhesive tapes were removed by the participants. The combined AT approach being tested in this study can contribute to a reduction of IPSS score (Beta = −5.15), a sustained improvement in peak urinary flow rate of over 2 ml/s, and a reduction of post-void residual urine of over 30 ml after the treatment course compared with those used in the placebo group. These results are comparable or even slightly better than the efficacy of the long-term use of the 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors observed in previous representative studies [13].
Therapeutic and cosmetic applications of mangiferin: an updated patent review (patents published after 2013)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
Farha Quadri, Manasi Telang, Anita Mandhare
Kunming Pharmaceutical Inc, China has filed four patents claiming pharmacological activity of acetylated derivatives of mangiferin. These four patents claimed seven derivatives and their pharmacological activity. A patent [26] claimed antidiabetic activity of five derivatives such as norathyriol tetraacetate and four acetylated aglycone derivatives (I–IV). These derivatives act as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and aldose reductase. As compared to norathyriol, these derivatives have the advantage such as low synthesis cost and higher stability, dissolvability, bioavailability and good druggable properties. Another patent [16] disclosed the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor activity of these derivatives which can be used for the treatment of diseases related to increased expression of 5α-reductase, including prostatic cancer, androgen-derived baldness, female hirsutism, acne, and for resisting prostatic hyperplasia.