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Fenugreek
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Ujjwala Kandekar, Sunil Ramdasi, Prasad Thakurdesai
Ointments are semisolid formulations designed for external application to skin or mucus membrane. Active ingredients are either dissolved or dispersed in various ointment bases as per the need (De Villiers 2009a). Many fenugreek seed constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins are reported with anti-inflammatory activity (Ahmadiani et al. 2001) through inhibition of proinflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase, nitric acid synthase, and lipoxygenase (Belguith-Hadriche et al. 2013). At the same time, a ointment containing ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds (5% w/w) was found effective as an anti-inflammatory agent against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (Jyothi, Koland, and Priya 2014). The formulation had a brown color, an aromatic odor, good homogeneity, optimum pH, viscosity, and spreadability (Jyothi, Koland, and Priya 2014). A subsequent study reported anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of gel formulations of ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (Jyothi and Koland 2016). A gel is a three-dimensional cross-linked polymer network swollen in a liquid medium (water) (Almdal et al. 1993). Three variations of fenugreek extract gels were prepared by dispersing ethanolic extract fenugreek seeds with carbopol-934 or HPMC K4M or their combination as a gelling agent. All gels exhibited good viscosity, spreadability, and homogeneity, but gel containing a combination of carbopol-934 and HPMC K4M showed better release profiles of polyphenol content (alleged active constituent) (Jyothi and Koland 2016).
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Ointments and creams are used most of the time. Which you use depends mainly on the patient's preference and the hydration of the skin. Start with a cream on normal or moist skin and an ointment on dry skin.
Alclometasone Dipropionate
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In Japan, alclometasone dipropionate ointment was introduced in 1988. In that country, between 1991 and 1997, 10 cases of allergic contact dermatitis and one of photoallergic contact dermatitis (9) have been reported in Japanese literature (6-13), including small case series of 2 (10) and 3 patients (6). Eight were female; ages ranged from 20 to 71 years. In nine individuals, the face was affected by dermatitis. The ointment had been used from 2 days to 2 years before allergic contact dermatitis occurred, median 3 months (6-13, data cited in ref. 4).
Assessment of Toxicity and Wound Healing Activity of Selaginella Bryopteris Extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Shravan Kumar Paswan, Pritt Verma, Sajal Srivastava, Chandana Venkateswara Rao
An acute toxicity study was performed according to OECD guideline 402 (OECD, 2004). A total of twelve Wistar albino rats (all females) were selected for the study and divided into two groups control and treatment group each containing six animals. The dorsal hair of animals with a total area of 5 cm2 was removed to apply the extract. The extract of S. bryopteris was applied in the form of ointment on the shaved area of the animals using a small spatula. The ointment was prepared by mixing glycerin (12 mg), soft paraffin (25 mg), cetostearyl alcohol (4 mg), butylated hydroxyl anisole (0.02 mg) and polysorbate 60 (5 mg) with 10 mg of extract. The contact time of ointment with skin was enhanced by placing porous gauze dressing and nonirritating tape on the wounded area for 24 hr of the exposure period followed by removing the test substance after exposure of 24 hr with the help of warm water or sunflower oil. The animals were observed daily over the cage but the weight of the animals was noted weekly for 14 days. The skin was observed for swelling, inflammation, redness, irritation and other physiological and anatomical changes after 4 hr of the application of ointment followed by 14 days of observation.
Topical tacrolimus for the treatment of external eye inflammation in children
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2022
Bernales Andrea, Berger Osvaldo, Hamada Samer
In the UK as in many other places, there is no ophthalmic formulation available but the off-label use of dermatologic ointments in ophthalmic conditions has been reported as safe and effective in adults and children (Supplementary table). The first report of 0.03% tacrolimus dermatologic ointment use in the conjunctival sac was by Joseph et al. in 2005 [17]. In this study of two patients with BKC, one patient with AKC, and one patient with chronic follicular conjunctivitis, all of them refractory to conventional treatment, three patients had clinical improvement between 2 weeks after starting treatment, and one patient developed herpes simplex keratitis after 1 week of use [17]. There are different concentrations available of topical tacrolimus 0.1% [15,18,20,27,28,49], 0.06% [36], 0.05% [44], 0.02% [23,37–39,43], 0.01% [29], and 0.005% [30]. Ohashi et al. compared different dosages (0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.1%), and reported that the 0.1% concentration was associated with the greatest symptom improvement and the same safety profile [18].
Topical application of Cinnamomum hydroethanolic extract improves wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization and keratin biosynthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Amin Daemi, Mahsa Lotfi, Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Ahmad Oryan, Sina Jangkhahe Ghayour, Ali Sonboli
All the diabetic mice (n = 54) were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine and xylazine hydrochloride. Since the histological and molecular samples were taken on the same day, two 5 mm diameter circular full thickness wounds were created with a biopsy punch on the dorsal surfaces of each mouse (Farahpour and Habibi 2012). After induction of wound, all the animals were divided into three groups of 18 animals each, including diabetic non-treated group (or topically treated with soft yellow paraffin), and two treatment groups composed of two different concentrations of 5% and 10% C. verum mixed with white petrolatum. The ointments were topically applied once/day for 14 consecutive days. The wound area was measured on days 3, 6, 9 and 14 by a graph sheet (Bonab and Farahpour 2017). Wound closure percentage was evaluated using the original and final area drawn on glass slides during the experiments as presented below: Percentage of wound closure = [(wound area on day 0 − wound area on day X)/wound area on day 0] × 100.