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Cholesterol/Hypercholesterolemia/Hyperlipidemia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) is the most powerful agent currently available for raising low levels of good cholesterol (HDL-C).7 Niacin and statins also lower triglycerides (fats) in the blood.6,7 There is some indication that patients on statins benefit further from niacin supplementation to slow the progression of heart disease.8
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
One of the newer antiaging molecules is referred to NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide). This metabolite of vitamin B3 is found throughout our bodies and in some healthy foods like broccoli, which is a popular vegetable in the Mediterranean diet. NMN is a precursor to the vitally important molecule NAD+ which not only supports multiple metabolic functions but also healthy aging. The problem is that NAD+ levels decline by as much as 50% as we reach middle age. Several of my colleagues, including myself, have taken NMN in supplemental form to help bolster the natural production of NAD+ which ameliorates the inexorable decline of aging. In the mouse model, the administration of NMN at extremely high doses was found to be safe and well-tolerated while mitigating age-associated physiological decline.42 This is one substance you should keep on your radar as many targeted nutritional supplement suppliers will probably market this vital compound. Such science-based genetic nutraceuticals like NMN and others will be highlighted at future medical symposiums and conferences as targeted genetic supports are gaining momentum in the scientific community.
Answers
Published in Samar Razaq, Difficult Cases in Primary Care, 2021
Deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3) causes pellagra, which classically causes the triad of dementia, diarrhoea and dermatitis (Hendricks, 1991) – the dermatitis being the most common manifestation in children. Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin and is derived from the diet and from the conversion of the amino acid tryptophan. Bioavailability is high in meat and fortified grains. The dermatitis of pellagra affects exposed areas such as the neck (Casal’s necklace, named after the Spanish physician who first described the rash in peasants), cheeks and the extremities and may mimic sunburn. It is common in parts of the world where the main food source is maize, because of the lack of bioavailability of niacin and tryptophan in maize. Other causes include use of the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid (which blocks tryptophan conversion to niacin), carcinoid tumour (which diverts tryptophan conversion to serotonin) and Hartnup disease (impaired tryptophan transport).
Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Jaqueline G. Borges-Vieira, Camila K. Souza Cardoso
Despite the scarce report in the literature on toxicity caused by B vitamins, attention is required in supplementing these compounds, including monitoring biomarkers concentrations, and following updated recommendations for daily intake. Among the adverse effects documented are diarrhea and yellow-colored urine (vitamin B2); skin flushing (vitamin B3); sensory neuropathy (vitamin B6); diarrhea (B5 in calcium D-pantothenate form) [109]. Vitamin B12 is related to acne development through modulation of the skin microbiota transcriptome in susceptible individuals [110], and anaphylactic reactions after intramuscular administration were documented [111,112]. However, the relationship between long-term folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and increased cancer risk is under investigation [113,114], and the role of unmetabolized folic acid in this outcome is studied [115]. The current DRI [83] for thiamine is 1.2 mg per day for men and 1.1 mg per day for women, the upper level (UL) undetermined. For vitamin B6, 1.1 mg/day for both sexes and UL of 100 mg/day. The DRI for folate is 400 mcg/day for both sexes, and UL of 1,000 mcg/day. Furthermore, for vitamin B12, the DRI is 2.4 mcg/day for both sexes, and the UL is indeterminate.
Immunostimulatory effects of vitamin B5 improve anticancer immunotherapy
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Melanie Bourgin, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer
Recently, several B vitamins, all of which are produced at least in part by the microbiota, have been shown to play a major role in the immunoregulatory function of the gut microflora.8 For example, vitamin B3 (niacin, also known as nicotinic acid) attenuates the development of colon cancers in mice, likely through its anti-inflammatory effects.9,10 Clinical trials employing a vitamin B3 derivative, nicotinamide (NAM), supported the idea that vitamin B3 mediates effective chemoprevention against non-melanoma skin cancer.11–13 A recent study dissected the mechanisms through which NAM can delay the manifestation and the progression of luminal B breast cancer in mice, showing that NAM stimulates the activity of NK and T cells involved in immunosurveillance.14,15 Of note, NAM could be advantageously combined with anthracycline-based immunogenic chemotherapy and gemcitabine against preclinical models of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, respectively.14,16 Similarly, NAM can be combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of murine pancreatic cancers to deplete myeloid-derived suppressor cells, to enhance local infiltration by T lymphocytes and to achieve superior tumor growth control.16
Skin diseases of the vulva: inflammatory, erosive-ulcerating and apocrine gland diseases, zinc and vitamin deficiency, vulvodynia and vestibulodynia
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Freja Lærke Sand, Simon Francis Thomsen
Pellagra is caused by deficiency of nicotinic acid or vitamin B3 (niacin) or its precursor tryptophan. Several aetiologies may be involved including: alcoholism, drugs (isoniazid, sulphapyridine, chloramphenicol, 6-mercapto-purine and 5-flourouracil), diet consisting of only maize as well as gastrointestinal resections (Barthelemy et al. 1986). The disorder is characterised by pruritic and burning symmetrical erythematous eruptions in areas exposed to sunlight, heat and friction that resolve with demarcated brownish scaly plaques that may involve the body folds including the vulva and inguinal area (pellagrous vulvitis). The diagnosis should be based on the clinical findings which include the triad: dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. The histopathology is unspecific. Therapy consists of oral niacin, usually 0.5 mg daily.