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Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Physical signs of niacin deficiency include dermatitis, sun sensitivity causing symmetrical pigmented rash, glossitis, dementia, peripheral neuritis and extremity paralysis. Pellagra is the classic niacin-deficiency disease and is most commonly seen in less developed nations. It can affect the GI tract, nervous system, and skin, thus presents as the “three Ds”: diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis.1
A Brief History of Nutritional Medicine and the Emergence of Nutrition as a Medical Subspecialty
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
It was subsequently found that modern milling and degermination methods were responsible for lowering the niacin content in corn, making the population more vulnerable. Dietary changes and fortification of foods have since all but eradicated pellagra.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Deepa Bhupali, Fernando D. Testai
Niacin deficiency leads to a systemic disorder known as pellagra, which means rough skin. Pellagra manifests clinically with the tetrad of dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Current prevalence is unknown, but it is overall considered as a rare condition in developed countries.
Facts and ideas from anywhere
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
The diet started on February 1, 1915, and ended on October 30, 1915. The results of the Rankin prison experiment were announced November 1, 1915. Six of the 11 men who finished the experiment showed clear evidence of pellagra. The evidence was confirmed by a number of outside physicians who examined the prisoners. Newspapers all over the country trumpeted Goldberger’s demonstration that he could induce pellagra in strong healthy men by depriving them of fresh milk, lean meat, and vegetables. Although Goldberger could not yet identify the pellagra preventive, he knew what kind of foods contained it and what the dire results were when it was absent. Like beriberi and scurvy, pellagra was the result of a nutritional deficiency and not an errant microbe. All the 11 men at the end of the experiment were pale, weak, and emaciated. All were pardoned and released.
Skin diseases of the vulva: inflammatory, erosive-ulcerating and apocrine gland diseases, zinc and vitamin deficiency, vulvodynia and vestibulodynia
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Freja Lærke Sand, Simon Francis Thomsen
Pellagra is caused by deficiency of nicotinic acid or vitamin B3 (niacin) or its precursor tryptophan. Several aetiologies may be involved including: alcoholism, drugs (isoniazid, sulphapyridine, chloramphenicol, 6-mercapto-purine and 5-flourouracil), diet consisting of only maize as well as gastrointestinal resections (Barthelemy et al. 1986). The disorder is characterised by pruritic and burning symmetrical erythematous eruptions in areas exposed to sunlight, heat and friction that resolve with demarcated brownish scaly plaques that may involve the body folds including the vulva and inguinal area (pellagrous vulvitis). The diagnosis should be based on the clinical findings which include the triad: dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. The histopathology is unspecific. Therapy consists of oral niacin, usually 0.5 mg daily.
Beating the urine drug test – a case report on niacin toxicity
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2018
Beenish Fayyaz, Hafiz J. Rehman, Sunita Upreti
Niacin, a water-soluble vitamin, is used by physicians for treating dyslipidemias and pellagra (caused by niacin deficiency). These medical conditions are clear indications for niacin use as indicated by a variety of medical literature and data. However, due to niacin’s easy availability, it is being used as a detoxification supplement by young individuals to confound various drug tests. The dose of niacin being used for this purpose is also variable leading to multiple incidents of overdose.