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Antitubulin Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
These alkaloids were discovered through in vivo screens for antidiabetic activity which showed that the plant extracts reduced white blood cell counts in mouse models. This prompted an investigation into their anticancer properties, particularly as potential antileukemic agents. The isolated alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, and the related semisynthetic agents vindesine, vinorelbine, and vinflunine (Figure 4.7) are used to treat a variety of cancers, including the acute leukemias (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL]) and lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and mycosis fungoides), and some solid tumors (e.g., breast, testicular, and lung cancers, neuroblastoma, histiocytosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma). Structures of the Vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, and their three semisynthetic analogues, vindesine, vinorelbine, and vinflunine.
Respiratory, endocrine, cardiac, and renal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Vinca alkaloids are used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and for many paediatric solid tumours. The dose of vincristine is 1.5 to 2 mg/m2, without exceeding 2 mg, every 2 or 3 weeks. The dose of vindesine is 4 mg/m2 every 7 to 10 days. The dose of vinblastine is 12 mg/m2, usually by weekly administration.
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Vinca alkaloids are extracted from Catharanthus roseus G. Don, the pink periwinkle plant. Vinblastine, vinorelbine, vincristine, and vindesine have currently been approved for their clinical use as anticancerous agents (Moudi et al. 2013). They exhibit cytotoxic effects by interacting with tubulin and interrupting the microtubule function, involving the spindle fiber assembly. This leads to metaphase arrest, causing cellular death (Himes and therapeutics 1991). They are used in combination chemotherapy regimens of testicular carcinoma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, advanced lung cancer, acute leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and Wilm’s tumor (Rowinsky and Donehower 1995).
A novel hepatoprotective activity of Alangium salviifolium in mouse model
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Preeti Dhruve, Mohd Nauman, Raosaheb K. Kale, Rana P. Singh
The bark decoction of A. salviifolium is used traditionally to treat cancerous wounds (Jain and Jain 2010). The decoction contains mostly oil and volatile organic compounds, and thus GC-MS analysis of methanolic BEA was carried out to analyze the phytoconstituents. Thirty seven compounds that were identified in GC-MS analysis of BEA contained fatty acids, alkaloids, and plant steroids. Among alkaloids, vinca alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine, and vindesine) was a major class of plant-derived anticancer agents (Taneja and Qazi 2007). Alkaloids like piperine have already been reported for its hepatoprotective and chemopreventive effects (Darshan and Doreswamy 2004, Selvendiran and Sakthisekaran 2004, Rather and Bhagat 2018). Previous studies on plant sterols especially γ-sitosterol have shown to decrease the CCl4-induced liver damage as AST and ALT were decreased with an increase in catalase activity. Stigmasterol treatment to mice receiving a carcinogen, DMBA, and promoter croton oil, caused a reduction in tumor size and average number of papilloma along with a decrease in AST, ALT, and ALP; with a concomitant increase in glutathione, SOD, and CAT activities (Ali et al.2015, Tiwary et al. 2017). Therefore, these identified plant alkaloids and sterols may contribute to the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of BEA.
The effects of anticancer medicinal herbs on vascular endothelial growth factor based on pharmacological aspects: a review study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Sajad Fakhri, Fatemeh Abbaszadeh, Masoumeh Jorjani, Mohammad Hossein Pourgholami
As the second most used class of anticancer drugs isolated from Catharanthus roseus G. Don. (Apocynaceae family), vinca alkaloid drugs, including Vinblastine (VBL) and Vincristine (VCR) (49) were found in an unsuccessful survey on finding oral hypoglycemic agents. The results revealed that the extract of this plant decreased white blood cells (WBC), bone density, and increased the lifespan of leukemic mice (50). In this line, VBL is now utilized in the treatment of lymphomas (51), leukemia, testicular cancer, lung cancers, breast cancer, and Kaposi’s sarcoma while VCR is used to combat leukemia (52), particularly acute lymphocytic leukemia in children (53). As other vinca drugs, Vinorelbine (VRLB) and Vindesine (VDS) are semi-synthetics, whereas Vinflunine is a new synthetic vinca alkaloid with the potential to combat the angiogenesis in cancer.
Successful pregnancy and childbirth in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Chen Zhang, Honglan Zhu, Heng Cui, Xiaohong Chang, Zhaohua Wang
A 29-year-old nulliparous female was diagnosed with B-cell ALL in September 2007. She subsequently underwent one cycle of chemotherapy with VICP (vindesine, idarubicin, cyclophosphamide and prednisone) and achieved complete remission. From November 2007 to February 2008, she was treated with five chemotherapy regimens of consolidation therapy including HD-MTX (high dose methotrexate), MOACP (mitoxantrone, oncovin, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone), HD-MTX again, DOAP (daunorubicin, oncovin, cytarabine and prednisone) and VDP (vindesine, daunorubicin and prednisone). One month later, the pre-transplantation conditioning regimen was achieved using a combination of cytarabine (4 g/m2) on day –10 to –9, BU (9.6 mg/kg) on day –8 to –6, cyclophosphamide (3.6 g/m2) on day –5 to –4, antithymocyte globulin (10 mg/kg) on day –5 to –2, and MeCCNU (250 mg/m2) on day −3.