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Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Andreasson et al.91 evaluated the permeation of MMA, 2-HEMA, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), with preparations in 30% water, acetone, or ethyl alcohol, using a Franz-type permeation cell. For MMA, the lag-breakthrough time (lag-BT) was 2 min or less for all the dental gloves tested (i.e., NRL, nitrile, PVC, and a polyethylene copolymer). An NRL and polyethylene-copolymer glove provided better protection for MMA in acetone or ethyl alcohol. The lag-BTs were generally longer for 2-HEMA (15–104 min in water) and TEGDMA (1–80 min in ethyl alcohol). A neoprene glove appeared to be the better choice for 2-HEMA and TEGDMA.
Emblicanin-A and Emblicanin-B: Pharmacological and Nano-Pharmacotherapeutic Perspective for Healthcare Applications
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Dipak Kumar Gupta
The dendrimers gallic acid-triethylene glycol has been synthesized and has shown gene delivery applications, as they efficiently complex nucleic acids and form small and homogeneous dendriplexes. The interactions of the engineered dendriplexes with the blood components, as well as their stability, cytotoxicity, and the ability to enter and transfect mammalian cells have been reported. pDNA protected from degradation, and are biocompatible with HEK-293T cells and erythrocytes and effectively internalized by HEK-293T cells. The degree of PEGylation in the dendriplexes containing dendrimer/block copolymer mixtures remains an imperative parameter that requires modulation for obtaining the most optimized stealth formulation that possess the ability to effectually induce the encoded protein expression.42
Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils and Aroma Compounds against Airborne Microbes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Contrary to the developed method, “traditional” air disinfection with, for example, formaldehyde or triethylene glycol requires high concentrations of these chemicals and partly longer residence time to achieve disinfection of indoor air. Formaldehyde, for example, is used at concentrations of 5 g/m3 for air disinfection and has to be left on for 6 h (Wallhaeusser, 1995). In contrast, the tested essential oils and aroma compounds allow persons to stay in the room during air disinfection, which is not possible when using formaldehyde or triethylene glycol because of their toxicity. As essential oils have “GRAS”-status (generally recognized as safe by the FDA), leaving no harmful effect, and as antimicrobial resistance against synthetic antimicrobial agents is increasing to a degree, which has to be called frightening (Lorenzi et al., 2009; Mittal et al., 2019), the method presented in this chapter is a new, promising alternative for lowering microbial air contamination in rooms.
Further optimisation of a macromolecular ocular irritation test (OptiSafeTM)
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2023
Stewart Lebrun, Sara Chavez, Linda Nguyen, Roxanne Chan
The lot-to-lot reproducibility of 10 different lots used for 10 replicates for a positive control, negative control, and previously overpredicted GHS NC chemical was assessed, as shown in Table 8. For the positive control, 1-octanol (CASRN 111–87-5) scores ranged from 16.5 to 22.8 with an average of 19.1 and a standard error of 0.6. The negative control, 2,4-pentanediol (CASRN 625–69-4), scores ranged from 7.8 to 10.9 with an average of 9.5 and standard error of 0.3. The scores of triethylene glycol (CASRN 112–72-6), a previous FP identified as a potential ROS generator, ranged from 2.1 to 4.2 with an average of 3.1 and a standard error of 0.2. For comparison, for the prior lot-to-lot variability (based on OS test kit quality assurance record data, including lots that failed QA; in which cases the lot of OS product was discarded) without ascorbic acid scores for the positive control (1-octanol [CASRN 111–87-5]) ranged from 11.9 to 22.1 with an average of 18.2 and standard error of 0.8 and for the negative control, 2,4-pentanediol (CASRN 625–69-4), scores ranged from 4.2 to 7.9 with an average of 6.7 and standard error of 0.3 (data not shown, for the prior quality assurance procedures only positive and negative control chemicals were assessed; not triethylene glycol (CASRN 112–27-6). However this chemical was tested by both for the overall comparison, see below).
Development of potent reversible selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase as fluorescent probes
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Stane Pajk, Damijan Knez, Urban Košak, Maja Zorović, Xavier Brazzolotto, Nicolas Coquelle, Florian Nachon, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Marko Živin, Jure Stojan, Stanislav Gobec
The binding mode of inhibitor 3 is somewhat different compared to that of inhibitors 1 and 215–17. The common property of all of these three types of inhibitors is the position of the naphthalene moiety, which fits into the acyl binding pocket of huBChE. However, the piperidine groups of inhibitors 1 and 2 points towards the entrance of the aromatic active-site gorge, while for inhibitor 3, it fits into the choline-binding pocket and it is instead the methoxyethyl group that is oriented into the gorge. Therefore, elongation of the methoxymethyl group was the most straightforward approach to graft a fluorophore onto inhibitor 3, to yield 3A (Figure 2). Compound 3A had its methoxyethyl group substituted with a triethylene glycol spacer, with 7-(diethylamino)coumarin at the distal end. This compound retained good BChE inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 60 nM, but instead showed poor solubility in aqueous buffers. To avoid non-specific interactions, a more hydrophilic 1–(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine spacer was introduced, with an environment-sensitive 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD) fluorophore attached to the piperazine nitrogen. The resulting 3B (Figure 2) had the best in-vitro inhibitory activity of this series, with an IC50 of 18 nM, and showed improved solubility in aqueous solutions compared to 3A.
Triangular gold nanoparticles modify shell characteristics and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in the clam Ruditapes decussatus
Published in Biomarkers, 2018
Khazri Abdelhafidh, Sellami Badreddine, Amine Mezni, Dellali Mouhamed, Saidani Wiem, Bouzidi Imen, Sheehan David, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi, Beyrem Hamouda
Tr-Au NPs were produced by a modified polyol process involving a surface regulating polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Briefly, 25 mL of triethylene glycol (ACROS Organics, 98%) solution, containing 0.038 mMol of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and 0.05 molar ratio of PVP (K30; Sigma-Aldrich) to HAuCl4 were mixed and heated to 150 °C. The mixture was held at the same temperature for 30 min under constant agitation. The final colloidal solution had a blue colour. The product was separated by centrifugation, washed several times with ethanol/acetone (2:1) and dispersed in MilliQ-water. From this solution, dilutions were prepared directly without allowing the colloid to age. In order to investigate the effects of Tr-Au NPs on R. decussatus, many Tr-Au NPs suspensions with different concentrations were prepared. For a low-level concentration, the 280 mg L−1 Tr-Au NPs suspension was diluted to a 5 µg L−1 concentration in standard sea water (SW), and in MilliQ-water, for comparison purposes. For a high-level concentration, the 280 mg L−1 Tr-Au NPs suspension was diluted to 10 µg L−1, again in both standard SW and MilliQ-water, according to the required concentration in each particular case throughout this study.