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Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Testosterone replacement is the most common form of therapy for hypogonadism. Its efficacy in men with epilepsy has not been reported. In our own experience with eight men, intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate in dosages of 200 to 400 mg every 3 or 4 weeks has been associated with normalization of serum free testosterone levels and some improvement in sexual interest and potency in all eight men in our series. An expected reduction in seizure frequency, however, was not realized perhaps because of a concomitant elevation in serum estradiol levels secondary to conversion of testosterone to estradiol by aromatase enzymes located predominantly in adipose tissue.
The practical management of hormonal treatment in adults with gender dysphoria
Published in James Barrett, Transsexual and Other Disorders of Gender Identity, 2017
Virilisation of female-to-male transsexuals is achieved by the administration of testosterone. Traditionally this has been in the form of testosterone enanthate esters given as Sustanon injections 2–4-weekly. At this dose, testosterone suppresses ovarian function even in pre-operative patients, obviating the need for other endocrine manipulation. Menses normally suppress within one or two injections of testosterone, but the process of virilisation is slow and takes between 2 and 4 years to complete.
Power and power endurance: the explosive sports
Published in Nick Draper, Helen Marshall, Exercise Physiology, 2014
It was not until a tightly controlled set of studies conducted by Bhasin et al. (1996–2001), where larger steroid doses were administered, that clear evidence of the strength and muscle size benefits of anabolic steroids were found. In the first of these studies, 40 participants were administered either 600 mg of testosterone enanthate or a placebo (injected intramuscularly) once a week for each of the 10 weeks of the study. Results indicated that when accompanied with strength exercises, steroid use resulted in significant improvements in muscle size, fat-free mass and strength.
What are the pharmacological considerations for male congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Giulia Rastrelli, Mario Maggi, Giovanni Corona
Testosterone therapy (TTh) is the most widely used approach for the induction and progression of pubertal development [5]. TTh is started with one-fifth of the adult dose or less. Injectable short-acting esters of testosterone (testosterone enanthate or cypionate) are the most used medications. The usual initial dose is 50 mg monthly, which is gradually increased to the adult dose over two or 3 years (Table 1). TTh allows the development of secondary sexual characteristics to be coordinated with psychological and sexual behavior development. Possible alternative formulations deal with the use of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) and transdermal gels. TU is easy to take and the dose of 40 mg per capsule allows a stepwise slow increase in the dose up to the adult dose (Table 1). Testosterone gel preparations are easy to titrate, and this represents an advantage (Table 1); however, experience with testosterone gel in adolescents is still limited and treatment protocols are still not well defined.
An overview on performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) confiscated in Italy in the period 2017–2019
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Sara Odoardi, Serena Mestria, Giulia Biosa, Valeria Valentini, Sofia Federici, Sabina Strano Rossi
Quantitative analysis was performed only for selected compounds, as described in the materials and methods section. The quantitative determinations showed discrepancies between the declared and the actual amount present in the preparation. For androgen anabolic steroids AASs, the quantitative content of the single compound was always lower than the one stated on the label. Nevertheless, these preparations generally consisted of mixtures of various AASs esters. Testosterone propionate concentration ranged from 20 to 100 mg/mL, testosterone decanoate from 10 to 100 mg/mL, testosterone enanthate from 10 to120 mg/mL. Stanozolol was detected in tablets at 1–10 mg, and in injectable depot preparation at 10–100 mg/mL. Methandienone was detected at 3–5 mg in tablets and methenolone at 1–5 mg. Sildenafil concentrations in the tablets ranged between 70 and 120 mg per table, while it was always reported as 100 mg preparations. Ephedrine amount ranged from 22 to 50 mg per capsule/tablet. In some of them its presence was not declared, other products reported its dosage at 25 mg.
Important lessons about testosterone therapy- weight loss vs. testosterone therapy for symptom resolution, classical vs. functional hypogonadism, and shortterm vs. lifelong testosterone therapy
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Importantly, the dose-response study by Bhasin et al. also provides valuable insights on the risk-to-benefit ratio of testosterone treatment [19]. Treatment was discontinued because of serious adverse events in three older subjects achieving the supraphysiological testosterone level of 113.9 nmol/L (3286 ng/dL) and in three achieving 61.9 nmol/L (1784 ng/dL), after having been treated with 300 or 600 mg testosterone enanthate weekly for 20 weeks, respectively. In the 113.9 nmol/L (3286 ng/dL) group, treatment was discontinued due to hematocrit exceeding 54%, hematuria and urinary retention, or because of leg edema. One additional subject stopped treatment after the Data Safety Monitoring Board discontinued the 600 mg/week dosing arm in older men because of a high frequency of serious adverse events. This is not surprising as 113.9 nmol/L (3286 ng/dL) is clearly a highly supraphysiological testosterone level. Three men in the 61.9 nmol/L (1784 ng/dL) group (300 mg/week) were discontinued from the study because of hematocrits above 54% in all three plus, leg edema in one and PSA above 4 19].