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The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Data on penetration characteristics for these insecticides through gloves were identified for cypermethrin, permethrin, and tefluthrin.14,16,17,30 Breakthrough time for tefluthrin (as a granular pesticide) through gloves made of nitrile, Neoprene, or barrier laminate (Silver Shield™, trademark of Siebe North, Inc.) was above 24 h.16 However, with increasing exposure time, increasing amounts of pesticide remained attached to or absorbed into the glove made of barrier laminate, and it was concluded that barrier laminate should be regarded as a single-use material, as gloves made of this material could not be cleaned.30 Butyl rubber gloves demonstrated breakthrough times exceeding 8 h for cypermethrin.17 In a study comparing the potential exposure (on the outside of the glove) with the actual exposure (on the inside of the glove), protection factors of 470, 200, and 96 against penetration of permethrin were obtained for two nitrile and one PVC glove, respectively. Thus, during a 20-min well-defined work schedule, the penetration of permethrin through gloves worn by volunteers was reduced to between 0.2% (nitrile) and 1% (PVC) of the potential exposure.14
Tefluthrin: metabolism, food residues, toxicity, and mechanisms of action
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Xiaohui Wang, Houpeng Li, Simeng Wang, María-Aránzazu Martínez, Irma Ares, Marta Martínez, María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga, Xu Wang, Arturo Anadón, Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
Tefluthrin is widely used as an agricultural insecticide. Tefluthrin residues have been detected in vegetables, fruits, milk, other foods, water, soil, and the urine of children (Di Muccio et al. 1997, 1999; Devare et al. 2004, 2007; Tagami et al. 2008; Pistocchi et al. 2009). With the use of tefluthrin worldwide, non-target species, including humans, also suffer from the potential threats and hazards caused by tefluthrin. Animals and humans can metabolize and eliminate a certain amount of tefluthrin; when the level of tefluthrin exceeds the MRL values from 0.05 to 0.4 mg/kg in various crops (EFSA 2015), tefluthrin will accumulate in the body, increasing the potential for genotoxicity, neurotoxicity and other hazards including oxidative stress in soil ecosystems (Wen et al. 2020). Oral administration of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E; tea polyphenols; and astaxanthin is a very effective way to prevent oxidative stress caused by tefluthrin (Salah et al. 2010).