China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fenugreek Based Products in USA, Australia, Canada, and India
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Savita Nimse, Sanjeevani Deshkar
The TGA provides access to information about ingredients that are permissible to be used in the products. The TGA Business Services website has a searchable database of approved terminology for chemical, biological, and herbal ingredients, including the active ingredients, excipients, and components and equivalents of ingredients that may be used in TGA-regulated therapeutic goods. This database for ingredients is called the “Ingredients table”. There are two types of ingredients, active and excipients. An active ingredient is the therapeutically active component in a medicine’s final formulation that is responsible for its physiological action. An excipient ingredient is any component of a finished dosage form, other than an active ingredient. The ingredient searched in the ingredient table gives the “Ingredient summary” which provides the approved role of the ingredient (active or excipient). Fenugreek (the ingredient ID 59791) is summarized for use as “an active ingredient” in categories such as Export Only, Listed Medicines, Over the Counter, or Prescription Medicines. It is also available for use as a “Homoeopathic Ingredient” in “Listed Medicines” and for use as an “Excipient Ingredient” in categories of Export Only, Listed Medicines, Over the Counter, or Prescription Medicines.
Granulation and Production Approaches of Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Tansel Comoglu, Fatemeh Bahadori
Similarly, the size of the dosage form needs to be around 8 mm, and it is required for the active ingredient to be carried within this mass area. As mentioned above, the limit for uploading hydrophobic drug molecules to ODT is 400 mg, and this amount decreases to 60 mg for the hydrophilic molecules.
The Injection Pathway and Other Entry Channels
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
Like all drugs in use today, vaccines also must be acceptably stable, acceptably resistant to temperature variations and have a long-enough shelf life. So, as happens with most drugs, substances are added which have nothing to do with the active ingredient. Moreover, vaccines contain processing residues such as proteins, red blood cells and mercury, a metal which is added more and more rarely in the final formulation but which remains in trace from production processes. As an example, Sanofi Pasteur declared that their quadrivalent influenza vaccine Fluzone meant to be administered to subjects from 6 months or older contains 12.5 mcg of mercury/0.25 dose for ages 6-35 months and 25 mcg of mercury/0.5 ml dose for ages older than 36 months.
Transport of hydrocortisone in targeted layers of the skin by multi-lamellar liposomes
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Antoine Bernasqué, Muriel Cario, Stéphanie Krisa, Sophie Lecomte, Chrystel Faure
Targeting a specific layer of the skin can be considered the grail for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Targeting the stratum corneum (SC) would allow e.g. restructuring it in pathologies where skin hydration is affected (Menon et al.2012, Pischon et al.2017), to protect it from oxidative damage (Thiele, 2001), or to prevent the entry of certain pathogens into the body (Lipsky et al.2020). Many diseases such as atopic dermatitis or melanoma originate from dysfunctions within the epidermis. Topical treatment of these diseases can cause side effects due to the passage of the active ingredient into the bloodstream. Targeting the epidermis could avoid this (Hemrajani et al.2022, Krishnan and Mitragotri 2020). Epidermis-restricted delivery of an active molecule represents a promising strategy for blood transfer diminution, drug efficiency improvement and/or drug concentration diminution into commercial products. Conversely, reaching the systemic circulation topically has advantages over oral administration by minimising metabolism, and avoiding the unfavourable gastrointestinal environment, which are responsible for the low bioavailability of many drugs, and by promoting a prolonged drug administration (Payne et al.1998).
Jiedutongluotiaogan formula restores pancreatic function by suppressing excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Jinli Luo, Wenqi Jin, Meiying Jin, Weiwei Pan, Shengnan Gao, Xiaohua Zhao, Xingrong Lai, Liwei Sun, Chunli Piao
Our study demonstrated the mechanism whereby JTTF treatment protects against pancreatic β-cell injury. Notably, JTTF treatment led to reduced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells via a putative mechanism involving decreased ERS and autophagic activity. JTTF protective effects against cell damage in HFD ZDF rats and LPS-exposed INS-1 cell-based diabetes model result from inhibition of ERS and excessive autophagy due to JTTF modulation of CaMKKβ/AMPK signalling pathway activity. Therefore, JTTF displayed positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and the mechanism of its anti-diabetes activity was initially investigated, which related to suppressing excessive autophagy and ERS. However, there are also some limitations. (i) The underlying mechanism by which active ingredients of JTTF balance autophagy and ERS remains unclear; (ii) the active ingredients screened might be inconsistent with the ingredients actually absorbed in the blood of the diabetic rats. Thus, in vivo and in vitro verifications of active ingredients are needed for further evaluation.
Customized 3D printed multi-drug systems: an effective and efficient approach to polypharmacy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Kundai R. Mazarura, Pradeep Kumar, Yahya E. Choonara
As the name suggests, these formulations contain multiple active ingredients, each with a different pharmacological effect. A commercially available example is PolycapTM constituting enteric-coated Aspirin, Ramipril, Simvastatin, Atenolol, and Hydrochlorothiazide, other examples include RamitorvaTM (Aspirin, Ramipril, and Atorvastatin), StarpillTM (Aspirin, Losartan, Atenolol, and Atorvastatin) [12,13]. The development of the majority of polypills was motivated by the serious burden and incidence of cardiovascular disorders; however, the concerns around polypharmacy are not limited to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the rationale behind multi-drug systems hinges on the effectiveness of combined therapy, simplified treatment regimens, reduced production and storage costs, and efficient supply chain and logistics, in addition to the highlighted grounds of enhanced adherence and compliance [13]. However, polypills like any other intervention have their drawbacks, notably the production process, which has proven to be quite complex. Different procedures are utilized in the classic compression process, such as granulation of all active components, individual granulation of actives, and drug separation by layering in circumstances where there are incompatibles and interactions between the actives [13].