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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Flavanonols are derivatives of flavanones with a hydroxyl (OH) group at C3 and include taxifolin or dihydroquercetin and aromadendrin or dihydrokaempferol. Taxifolin is found in some conifers in Russia, and the Chinese yew plant named Taxus chinensis. Taxifolin, extracted from Taxus Chinensis, is used against cancer. Aromadendrin is found in citrus fruits and some Siberian pines. Taxifolin is also found in citrus fruits, onion, and milk thistle (147, 151–152).
Biobased Products for Viral Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Jéssica Missilany da Costa
The activity of the constituents of Juglans mandshurica M. against human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 was evaluated (Min et al. 2002). J. mandshurica M. (Juglandaceae) also known as the Manchurian nut, is a deciduous tree, native to the eastern Asian region. Three naphthalene glycosides, four flavonoids and two galloyl glycosides were isolated from the stem bark of J. mandshurica. Among the isolated compounds, taxifolin had the most potent HIV-induced cytopetic activity. However, naphthalene glycosides, flavonoids and galloyl tannins were inactive against anti-HIV-1 activity.
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Amygdalus communis (Figure 7.11) is a deciduous tree growing up to 6 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil. As well as being a tasty addition to the diet, almonds are also beneficial to the overall health of the body, being used especially in the treatment of kidney stones, gallstones, and constipation. Externally, the oil is applied to dry skins and is also often used as a carrier oil in aromatherapy. The seed is demulcent, emollient, laxative, nutritive, and pectoral. The leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. The plant contains the anti-tumor compound taxifolin (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Moosavi et al., 2014).
Effect of taxifolin on cisplatin-associated oxidative optic nerve damage in rats
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Ibrahim Ahiskali, Irmak Ferah Okkay, Renad Mammadov, Ufuk Okkay, Ferda Keskin Cimen, Nezahat Kurt, Halis Suleyman
Several studies have successfully used various antioxidant substances to reduce the toxicity caused by cisplatin treatment [9–12]. Flavonoids exhibit their antioxidant activities by different mechanisms; for example, by scavenging radicals, which initiate lipid peroxidation by binding metal ions, and by inhibiting enzymatic reactions responsible for the formation of free radicals [13]. Studies have shown that flavonoids were beneficial in oxidative ocular diseases [14,15]. Taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone or dihydroquercetin), a potent antioxidant, is a flavonoid present in abundant amounts in citrus fruits and onions [16]. Taxifolin is also reported to have anti-inflammatory activity [17]. Literature information on taxifolin suggests that taxifolin may protect optic nerve against cisplatin damage. There were no studies on the effect of taxifolin on the optic nerve toxicity associated with cisplatin. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of taxifolin on cisplatin-induced oxidative and proinflammatory optic nerve damage in rats, biochemically and histopathologically.
Effect of taxifolin on methanol-induced oxidative and inflammatory optic nerve damage in rats
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Ibrahim Ahiskali, Can Lokman Pinar, Murat Kiki, Murat Cankaya, Celaleddin Semih Kunak, Durdu Altuner
We planned to examine the protective effect of taxifolin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxiflavanone) which is a flavanone present in onions, milk thistle, French maritime, and Douglas fir bark against methanol-induced optic nerve toxicity in this study10. Antioxidant activity of taxifolin has been proven11. In another study, taxifolin was shown to suppress ROS, IL-1β and TNF-α, and NF-κB production12,13. All this information suggests that taxifolin will provide treatment for the pathogenesis of methanol-induced optic nerve damage. No studies investigating the protective effect of taxifolin against methanol-induced optic nerve damage were found in the literature. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of taxifolin on methanol-induced optic nerve damage in rats.
Insights into the intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and the bioactivities of their microbe-derived ring cleavage metabolites
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2018
Xinchi Feng, Yang Li, Mahmood Brobbey Oppong, Feng Qiu
In the study conducted by Forester et al., Caco-2 cell line was applied to study the anti-colon cancer effect of six microbe-derived metabolites of anthocyanins (Forester and Waterhouse 2010). Gallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde were found to reduce cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells. Further mechanism study indicated that gallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde could activate the apoptotic pathway by the activation of caspase-3 and inhibited transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, and OCT-1 which are known to be activated in colon cancer (Forester et al. 2014). In another study conducted in HT-29 colon cancer cells, 4-HPAA also showed apoptotic effects (López de las Hazas et al. 2017). Taxifolin is a microbe-derived metabolite of quercetin, which has been proven to possess anti-colon cancer effect in animal experiments (Manigandan et al. 2015). 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced mouse colon carcinogenesis models were used and taxifolin was orally administered at a dose of 4.0 μg/kg for 15 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all animals were euthanized and the colonic tissues were excised and processed for further experimental analysis. Immunoblot expression and in silico molecular docking analysis revealed that taxifolin induced antioxidant response pathway and inhibited NF-kB and Wnt signaling by downregulating the levels of regulatory metabolites such as TNF-α, COX-2, β-catenin, and cyclin-D1.