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Immunologically mediated skin disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Second-line therapies (targeted therapy) could involve a short course of oral systemic corticosteroids (in doses of 0.5–1 mg prednisolone/kg/day) for severe urticaria and urticarial vasculitis. For severe angioedema, epinephrine must be injected intramuscularly. Danazol and stanozolol can be given for hereditary angioedema.
Pharmacology for venous and lymphatic diseases
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
Stanozalol has been proposed to improve ulcer healing. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone. Unlike most injectable anabolic steroids, stanozolol is not esterified and is manufactured as an aqueous suspension or as oral tablets, as C17 α-alkylation allows the hormone to survive first-pass liver metabolism when ingested. In humans, it has been demonstrated to be successful in treating anaemia and hereditary angioedema.
Drug treatment of varicose veins, venous edema, and ulcers
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
The concept of an oxygen diffusion barrier causing skin hypoxia was first proposed by Browse and Burnand in 1982.16 This theory led to attempts to reverse the damaging cutaneous effects of venous hypertension by enhancing fibrinolysis. The effect of stanozolol, an anabolic steroid with pro-fibrinolytic properties, was evaluated in 14 patients with long-standing LDS, without active ulceration.17 After 3 months, all showed clinical improvement both subjectively and objectively (by mapping the area of LDS). Serum parameters of fibrinolytic activity improved in all cases. Fibrinolytic treatment for venous ulceration has been evaluated in one trial of 75 patients.18 Patients were allocated to receive either stanozolol or placebo for up to 420 days, with conventional compression treatment in all cases. In an interim report, the authors found complete healing in 26 of 40 ulcers in the stanozolol group and 27 of 44 in the placebo group, indicating no benefit from active over placebo treatment. No further study has appeared in the 30 years since this publication. Stanozolol has been withdrawn from clinical use in the U.K.
An overview on performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) confiscated in Italy in the period 2017–2019
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Sara Odoardi, Serena Mestria, Giulia Biosa, Valeria Valentini, Sofia Federici, Sabina Strano Rossi
Quantitative analysis was performed only for selected compounds, as described in the materials and methods section. The quantitative determinations showed discrepancies between the declared and the actual amount present in the preparation. For androgen anabolic steroids AASs, the quantitative content of the single compound was always lower than the one stated on the label. Nevertheless, these preparations generally consisted of mixtures of various AASs esters. Testosterone propionate concentration ranged from 20 to 100 mg/mL, testosterone decanoate from 10 to 100 mg/mL, testosterone enanthate from 10 to120 mg/mL. Stanozolol was detected in tablets at 1–10 mg, and in injectable depot preparation at 10–100 mg/mL. Methandienone was detected at 3–5 mg in tablets and methenolone at 1–5 mg. Sildenafil concentrations in the tablets ranged between 70 and 120 mg per table, while it was always reported as 100 mg preparations. Ephedrine amount ranged from 22 to 50 mg per capsule/tablet. In some of them its presence was not declared, other products reported its dosage at 25 mg.
Improvement of the hematologic toxicities of ruxolitinib in patients with MPN-associated myelofibrosis using a combination of thalidomide, stanozolol and prednisone
Published in Hematology, 2019
Taken together, in patients with MPN-MF, ruxolitinib can significantly reduce spleen size but induce anemia and thrombocytopenia, while low doses of thalidomide, prednisone, and Danazol achieve significant response rate in anemia and thrombocytopenia with slight reduction of spleen size. However, such ruxolitinib combination therapy has been rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, only Gowin et al. conducted a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy with ruxolitinib and danazol. Although such combination therapy did not lead to increased hematologic response, hematologic stabilization was observed and may be clinically useful [20]. Because of accessibility, we used stanozolol, in combination with low doses of thalidomide, prednisone and ruxolitinib to create a new regimen in patients with MPN-MF.
The role of hormones in muscle hypertrophy
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2018
Julius Fink, Brad Jon Schoenfeld, Koichi Nakazato
The major AAS used by athletes can be divided into three groups [30]: Testosterone derivatives (T, Methyltestosterone, Methandrostenolone, Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, Fluoxymesterone, Boldenone): The compounds in this group are known to induce fast strength and muscle gains but show a high rate of aromatization. Due to the high water retention caused by aromatization, they are mainly used in bulking cycles for quick mass gains.Dihydrotestosterone derivatives (Stanozolol, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, Mesterolone, Methenolone, Drostanolone): Even though most of these compounds are highly androgenic, they have a high binding affinity to the androgen receptor and are potent strength and muscle mass builders. Due to the DHT structure, these compounds cannot aromatize to estrogen. Therefore, these compounds are often used for cutting cycles and pre-contest.Nandrolone derivatives (Nandrolone, Trenbolone): Compounds in this group show the highest anabolic to androgenic ratio and have strong muscle building effects. However, administration of nandrolone derivatives can result in elevated progestogenic activity. The use of this group of AAS is versatile and is used for both bulking and cutting cycles.