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The Twentieth Century and Beyond
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
After addressing the general health of the patient by promoting a nutritious, bland diet, regular bathing, and reduced alcohol consumption, the early twentieth-century dermatologist would then correct gastrointestinal dysfunction, which for over two millennia had been considered connected to skin health. This dysfunction could be fixed with iron, cod liver oil, quinine, mineral acids, or strychnine. Gentle, regular laxatives (sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, etc.) were prescribed for acute inflammatory skin diseases; the days of the violent purgatives were over. After these initial measures were taken, the dermatologist then prescribed medication, and in most cases, both internal and external treatments were offered. The combination of the former, advocated by Wilson, and the latter, advanced by Hebra, provided the best chance of reaching a cure.
Homicide
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Burkhard Madea, Musshoff Frank, Schmidt Peter
The headspace gas chromatograph used was a Perkin Elmer Model 8500 equipped with a flame ionization detector and a steel column (4 mm) packed with 5 per cent Carbowax 20M on a Carbopack B (60/80) mesh (Supelco/Inc.). The carrier gas was N2 at a flow rate of 40 ml per minute. Temperature settings were 170°C for the injector, 250°C for the detector, and the oven temperature was programmed from 70°C to 170°C. Prior to injection of 1 ml or 1 g of homogenized biological sample, respectively, 2 g of sodium sulfate was added to a 20 ml headspace vial and incubated for 45 minutes at 80°C. Aqueous calibration standards of halothane were prepared in the same way and the calibration curves showed a good linearity over a concentration range of 1–100 mg/l with a coefficient of correlation of 0.996. Analysis of spiked blood samples revealed no matrix effects.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
To the physician — Overdoses should be followed by gastric lavage, then 15 to 20 g magnesium- or sodium-sulfate, with 500 mℓ water. The patient should be kept warm. Cramps can be controlled with barbiturates.33
Sulfate and acid-base balance
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2023
Troels Ring, Sebastian Frische, Stephen Edward Rees, Jette Nybo, Søren Risom Kristensen
In conclusion, using fluids with constant [Na] and constant [HEPES] we found that pH declined as sulfate ions were added, and we could verify that the titratable acidity increased linearly with [sulfate]. Therefore, sulfate excretion per se is acid excretion. This undermines the traditional concept that sulfate excretion is a direct marker of endogenous acid production. The findings are in accordance with the fact that sulfate reabsorption by the proximal sodium-sulfate cotransporter NaSi1 is downregulated under acidosis and explains why children with distal renal tubular acidosis may be in negative sulfate balance. The analysis also undermines traditional concepts of what an acid is, but crucially, the results are completely understandable using charge-balance modeling, based only on the three fundamental concepts of electroneutrality, conservation of mass, and rules of dissociation as derived from physical chemistry.
Low-dose of magnesium sulfate solution was not inferior to standard regime of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in elderly patients: a randomized, controlled study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Fulin Ge, Xiaoyu Kang, Zeyu Wang, Hailan Zhu, Liang Liao, Ming Wang, Jianjun Jia, Lijun Lou, Xuegang Guo, Yanglin Pan, Jun Wan
Low-volume and split-dose preparations were expected to improve adherence and tolerability, along with decreased adverse events in elderly patients [12]. However, there are data comparing the efficacy of available low-volume bowel preparations in the subpopulation. oral sulfate solutions (OSS), including sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium were demonstrated to be non-inferior vs high volume PEG involving efficacy, good safety, and better tolerability [16,17]. We hypothesized that low-dose magnesium sulfate solution in split-dose may have similar BP efficacy to 3–4 L PEG, but along with better patients tolerability. Here, we design a prospective, non-inferior, randomized, controlled trial to compare the low-dose magnesium sulfate solution (MSS) regime with the standard PEG regime in terms of BP efficacy and acceptability for elderly patients.
The protective effect of tanshinone IIa on endothelial cells: a generalist among clinical therapeutics
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Jun Feng, Lina Liu, Fangfang Yao, Daixing Zhou, Yang He, Junshuai Wang
Tanshinone IIa (TSA) is the most abundant lipophilic ingredient of Danshen and has been approved to treat cardiovascular diseases by the China State Food and Drug Administration. In 1934, TSA was first isolated and its chemical structure was identified as a representative monomeric compound by the Japanese scholar Nakao [4]. Accumulating studies have shown that TSA can contribute a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as vasodilator, antibacterial, antiviral antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, which has caused insufficient production for the increasing demand for clinical application [5–7]. Although the current structural modification has solved the solubility problem and improved the clinical limitations of TSA, its poor bioavailability remains a major challenge for pharmaceutical development and extensive application. Because of poor absorption through the intestine, a sodium sulfate derivative of TSA (STS) has been explored to increase bioavailability. Subsequent pharmacokinetics analysis revealed STS was primarily distributed into organs, including the kidney, heart, liver, spleen, and lung, although it is accumulated primarily in the liver.STS has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier and can be easily cleared and stable with only trace metabolites during body metabolism because of its hydro-sulfonic group at the C-16 position [6,8]. The elimination of STS decreased in coronary heart disease patients compared to that in healthy people, which was related to the level of bilirubin [9]. These well-studied pharmacokinetics evidence guarantee its safety in clinical therapy.