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Mummy Medicine
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Natron naturally occurring sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, this is the chemists’ Latin for ‘sodium’. Collected from the shores and beds of ancient lakes in Egypt, and used for cleansing, purification, mummification, and in glass-making.
Reactor-Produced Radionuclides
Published in Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radionuclides Production, 2019
Sodium-24 is prepared by the nuclear reaction 23Na (n, γ) 24Na. Sodium carbonate or bicarbonate is the target employed for production. Irradiation is carried out at neutron fluxes of the order of 1013 n/cm2/sec for several hours. The irradiated carbonate or bicarbonate is dissolved in dilute HCl and the solution is boiled to remove CO2. After cooling and pH adjustment to 7–8 (by adding dilute NaOH) the solution is diluted to obtain 0.9% NaCl solution. The solution is dispensed into vials and is sterilized. The above operations are carried out by remote control using simple glass ware.
The Fatty Acid Perfused Isolated Working Heart
Published in John H. McNeill, Measurement of Cardiovascular Function, 2019
Rick L. Barr, Gary D. Lopaschuk
In our studies, we use two different concentrations of palmitate, 0.4 mM, which is physiologically relevant, and 1.2 mM, which is a level of circulating free fatty acid found in the serum of patients who have just undergone coronary bypass surgery. In theory, a 1:1 molar ratio of sodium carbonate to palmitate can be used, but it is better to use a slight excess of sodium carbonate. For a 0.4-mM palmitate solution, use between 0.47 and 0.52 mM sodium carbonate. For a 1.2-mM palmitate solution, use between 1.41 and 1.56 mM sodium carbonate. The palmitate and sodium carbonate are mixed with 10 ml of 95% ethanol and 15 ml of double-distilled water. To dissolve the palmitate the solution is brought to a boil and continues to boil until all the ethanol has evaporated (if polyunsaturated fatty acids are used, the solution should not be boiled, nor will this be desired, since this can oxidize the fatty acids). If no radiolabel is to be used in the palmitate solution, it can be checked for remaining ethanol by wafting the air above the beaker towards the face and smelling to see if any ethanol remains.
Neuroprotective validation of pectin in T2DM-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Rajnish Srivastava, Laxmi Tripathi, Sudhansu Ranjan Swain, Jagan Singh
The total polyphenols content in pectin from different source was measured UV spectrophotometrically according to the Folin–Ciocalteau method using gallic acid as a standard (Sadasivam and Manickam 1996). 0.1 ml of the extract solution was mixed with 0.5 ml of folin–ciocalteau reagent and volume was made up to the 3 ml with distilled water. After 3 min of incubation, 2 ml of 20% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution was added and mixed thoroughly. The resulting mixture was incubated for 5 min at 50 °C and cooled at room temperature. Absorbance of the mixture was measured at 650 nm against the reagent blank. All measurements were carried out in triplicate. Content of phenolic compounds was expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry extract using the linear equation obtained from calibration curve of the standard gallic acid graph. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9891.
Oral formulation of Prussian blue with improved efficacy for prophylactic use against thallium
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Nidhi Sandal, Vivek Kumar, Pooja Sharma, Mahendra Yadav
It was previously reported that the adsorption capacity of PB increases at higher pH [1,18]. Therefore pH modifying agents such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate have been taken for preliminary screening in the present study. PB (10 mg) was placed in a 15 ml test tube containing 10 ml of simulated gastric fluid and the pH modifier was added starting with the lowest concentration and increasing gradually to obtain a pH of 4–6. The concentration that helped to achieve this pH was chosen for the final formulation. The four pH-modifying agents sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide showed the desired pH at 50, 35, 40, and 10 mg, respectively (Table 1). Other agents i.e. aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate were not included in further studies as these agents are required in higher amounts to achieve the desired pH range.
Gastroprotective effect of leaf extract of two varieties grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) native wild and cultivar grown in North of Tunisia against the oxidative stress induced by ethanol in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Nabil Saadaoui, Asma Weslati, Taha Barkaoui, Ikram Khemiri, Wafa Gadacha, Abdelaziz Souli, Moncef Mokni, Mounira Harbi, Mossadok Ben-Attia
The Total phenolic content (TPC) of grapevine leaves extracts was measured as described by Jayaprakasha et al. (2003). 200 μL of samples were assayed with 1.0 mL of the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (diluted in 1:10 ratio). The mixture was shaken and stabilized for 3 min before adding 800 µL of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, 7%). Samples and blank were thoroughly agitated and vortexed. After that the obtained solution was maintained in the dark for 90 min and the absorbance was measured at 760 nm. Total o-diphenols (ToPC) was determined by molybdate assay according to the method of Mnari et al. (2016). One mL of a solution of HCl (0.5 N), 1 mL of a solution of a mixture of NaNO2 (10 g) and NaMoO4·2H2O (10 g) in 100 mL H2O, and finally 1 mL of a solution of NaOH (1 N) were added to 100 µL of the extract. After incubation for 30 min at room temperature, the absorbance was read at 500 nm. Gallic acid (from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/mL by 0.01 mg/mL steps) was used for calibration and TPC were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter (mg GAE/g DM). UV-visible analyses were carried out with the BioRad SmartSpec™ 3000 Scan UV-visible spectrophotometer.