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Antipsoriatic Medicinal Plants
Published in José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai, Ethnobotany, 2019
José Luis Ríos, Guillermo R. Schinella, Isabel Andújar
Regarding the species contained in the clinical trials revised, Paeonia lactiflora and Smilax glabra are the most commonly studied. Paeoniae radix and smilacis glabrae rhizoma are two of the most well-known herbs in China and have been used for over 1200 years. Both species have been tested in different experimental models of inflammation and immunomodulation with excellent results (Spelman et al. 2006, He and Dai 2011). Other species of interest for treating psoriasis are Aloe vera (Miroddi et al. 2015) and Berberis aquifolium (Jong et al. 2013). The quality of the trials and methodological approaches vary considerably, and conclusions on the effectiveness of aloe in psoriasis is still uncertain. Cutaneous application seems to be very safe as serious side effects have not been reported. Several open-label or placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of similar Berberis aquifolium extracts in patients with psoriasis, possibly explained by its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The main selected trials are compiled in Table 9.2.
Inhibiting Low-Density Lipoproteins Intimal Deposition and Preserving Nitric Oxide Function in the Vascular System
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
In type-2 diabetes, advanced glycation end-products interact with receptors of advanced glycation end products expressed by kidney cells. This leads to the activation of protein kinase C, mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB favoring the production of transforming growth factor-β1 and subsequent mesangial hypertrophy and glomerular sclerosis associated with fribronectin synthesis.349 Ethanol extract of rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. prevented advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro.350 This extract lowered advanced glycation end product-induced reactive oxygen species generation, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde contents.350 This extract decreased advanced glycation end product receptor expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, decreased transforming growth factor-β1, and inhibited advanced glycation end product-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and nuclear factor-κB.350
Herbal Products for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Anna Herman, Andrzej P. Herman
Oral delivery is the most convenient, safe, and widely accepted route for the administration of drugs. Disadvantages include the possibility of irregular and unpredictable absorption, depending on the physiochemical properties of the drug and the anatomic and biochemical features of the gastrointestinal tract (Doshi 2007). In this route of administration, the therapeutic efficiency of herbal products depends on the liberation of active constituents, their stability, and their absorption in intestinal tract. During oral administration, the bioavailability of herbal compounds generally decreases (due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism) or may vary from patient to patient. Furthermore, orally active compounds must achieve acceptable plasma levels before they can exert a clinical effect in vivo. Herbal product bioavailability and high exposure in plasma levels after oral administration spread to a therapeutic effect (Bhattaram et al. 2002). Curcumin from C. longa, often used in orally administrated product for psoriasis treatment, revealed low bioavailability due to its limited intestinal uptake and rapid metabolism (Anand et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2007). Micronized powder and liquid micellar formulation of curcumin (Schiborr et al. 2014), nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin (Shaikh et al. 2009), curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Kakkar et al. 2011), and silica-coated flexible liposomes as a nanohybrid delivery system (C. Li et al. 2012) are described in literature examples for the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of curcumin. Also, glycyrrhizin (G. glabra) used in psoriasis treatment products has a poor oral bioavailability in both rats and humans (Isbrucker and Burdock 2006). It was found that slow conversion of glycyrrhizin into glycyrrhetic acid (major metabolite of glycyrrhizin) in the intestine, as well as poor intestinal absorption of glycyrrhetic acid, caused their low bioavailability (Takeda et al. 1996). The use of the formulation of glycyrrhizin as sodium deoxycholate–phospholipid mixed nanomicelles (Jin et al. 2012) could enhance glycyrrhizin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and improve their bioavailability. Astilbin, flavonoid isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae), is a promising immunosuppressant for immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, but is limited in clinical application due to its poor water solubility, difficult oral absorption, and low bioavailability (He et al. 2014). The self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) (Mezghrani et al. 2011) and a combination of PVP K30 and Tween 80 (He et al. 2014) showed a significant enhancement of astilbin bioavailability. Unfortunately, in many cases, little is known about the bioavailability of herbal products and potentially new active compounds. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of phytopharmaceuticals becomes an important issue in linking data from pharmacological assays and clinical effects (Bhattaram et al. 2002).
Qici Sanling decoction suppresses bladder cancer growth by inhibiting the Wnt/Β-catenin pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Hua Gong, Weihua Chen, Lanhua Mi, Dan Wang, Youkang Zhao, Chao Yu, Aiguang Zhao
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in China. Qici Sanling decoction (QCSL), a TCM, is made of the radix of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (Fabaceae) [huangqi], the corm of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. (Alismataceae) [cigu], the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporaceae) [zhuling], the sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae) [fuling], the radix of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) [baishao], the radix of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) [ezhu], the twig of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl Blume (Lauraceae) [guizhi], the radix of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae) [gancao], the radix of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC (Orobanchaceae) [shudi], and the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb. (Smilacaceae) [tufuling] at a ratio of 10:10:5:5:5:5:3:2:5:5 in dry weight. In our previous study (Yu et al. 2018), we found that QCSL combined with pirarubicin for treatment of postoperative patients with non-muscle invasion bladder cancer could significantly reduce the cancer recurrence rate, enhance the systemic immunity, and alleviate the side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs.
Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to decipher the mechanism of the Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 in protecting against HSV-2 infection
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Tong Liu, Qingqing Shao, Wenjia Wang, Yonggui Ma, Tianli Liu, Ximing Jin, Jianguo Fang, Guangying Huang, Zhuo Chen
Drawing lessons from the traditional Chinese medicine, the Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 (JZ-1) was added and subtracted from Yihuang Decoction, an ancient prescription in Fu Qingzhu’s Obstetrics and Gynaecology during the Qing Dynasty period in China (Fu and Ou 2006). It consists of 10 Chinese medicinal herbs, namely, Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid. (Rutaceae), Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae), Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (Asteraceae), Thlaspi arvense L. (Brassicaceae), Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. (Rutaceae), Smilax glabra Roxb. (Smilacaceae), Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), Mentha canadensis L. (Lamiaceae), and Dryobalanops aromatica C. F. Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae). According to some studies, these herbs have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral biological activities (González-Castejón et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2017, 2020; Hua et al. 2018; Sun et al. 2019; Fang et al. 2020; Mahendran and Rahman 2020; Tong et al. 2020; Gong et al. 2021). As an in-hospital preparation of Tongji Hospital (Approval Number: Z20103135), JZ-1 is used for multiple infectious diseases of the lower genital tract. It is effective in treating pruritus vulvae, thermalgia, erosion, vaginal congestion, and excessive leucorrhoea clinically (Wei et al. 2007, 2008). In vivo and in vitro studies show that JZ-1 has a therapeutic effect on Trichomonas vaginitis (Chen et al. 2009a, 2009b), Candida albicans vaginitis (Chen et al. 2009c), and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection (Wei et al. 2007, 2008). It is also effective for GH and has no visible clinical adverse effects. In recent years, the research into anti-HSV effects of Chinese medicine has gradually advanced, from the focus on clinical efficacy to the study of the mechanism of its antiviral activity. The anti-HSV-2 effect of JZ-1 and the mechanism are worthy of being studied.
Pinocembrin polymeric micellar drug delivery system: preparation, characterisation and anti-hyperuricemic activity evaluation
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Wanjing Rong, Xinyi Shen, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Qing He, Jian Zhang, Xiaoxiao Li, Xiaoli Xia, Feng Shi, Xia Cao, Hao Ji, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Qilong Wang, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu
The effects of free PCB and PCB-FPM on UA levels in rats was explored with the results shown in Figure 5A. After 3 and 5h administration, the UA levels of the model control group (792.33±23.11μmol/L, 791.83±23.82 μmol/L) increased substantially compared to normal control (143.23±7.97μmol/L, 139.73±8.68μmol/L), thus indicating successful modelling (p<.001). After 3h of administration, the UA levels of the rats that received free PCB low (655.12±18.18μmol/L) and high doses (498.06±20.49μmol/L) respectively were reduced by 17.13% (p<.05) and 37.14% (p<.01) compared to model control. Likewise, the UA levels of PCB-FPM low-dose group (465.37±13.85μmol/L) and high-dose group (288.81±22.23μmol/L) were respectively lowered by 41.27% and 63.55% (p<.01). After 5h of administration, comparable to model control, UA levels of free PCB low-dose group (368.82±11.05μmol/L) and high-dose group (268.81±8.09μmol/L) were decreased by 53.42% and 66.05% (p<.01), respectively. Besides, UA levels of rats that were given PCB-FPM low (225.63±10.59μmol/L) and high doses (167.71±10.88μmol/L) respectively decreased by 71.51% (p<.01) and 78.82% (p<.001). Overall, these results suggested that PCB influenced UA levels of hyperuricemic rats dose-dependently (Zhu et al. 2021). Meanwhile, PCB may compete with xanthines to bind to the active site of XOD and reduce UA (Yoshizumi et al. 2005). Therefore, it is speculated that the inhibitory activity of PCB-FPM may be higher than that of free PCB. Additionally, PCB like flavonoid rich extract from rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb may reduce UA levels in hyperuricemic rats through its excretion (Wang et al. 2019). Although, allopurinol reduced UA more, the vantage of PCB is its less toxicity and natural (Lan et al. 2017).