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Subfamily Bombacoideae
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mariam I. Gamal El-Din, Fadia S. Youssef, Mohamed L. Ashour, Omayma A. Eldahshan, Abdel Nasser B. Singab
Cadinane sesquiterpenes constitute the second most representative constituents of this subfamily after flavonoids. Hemigossypol (90), isohemigossypol (93) and their methyl ether derivatives, hemigossypol-6-methylether (91), hemigossypol-1, 6, 7-trimethy) ether (92), isohemigossypol-1-methyl ether (94), isohemigossypol-2-methylether (95), isohemigossypol-1, 2-methylether (96), 2-acetyl-isohemigossypol-1-methylester (97), 7-hydroxycadalene (98), and Lacinilene C (99) have been isolated from Bombax ceiba, B. anceps (Sankaram et al. 1981, Seshadri et al. 1973) and Ceiba pentandra roots (Sichaem et al. 2010). In addition, sesquiterpene lactones are widely distributed in subfamily Bombacoideae, where 16 compounds (100-115) have been isolated from B. ceiba, Pachira aquatica (Zhang et al. 2008, Zhang et al. 2007) and C. pentandra (Puckhaber and Stipanovic 2001, Rao et al. 1993) (Table 15.12).
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Intraperitoneal administration of podoandin, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the leaves of the medicinal plant, Hedyosmum Brasiliense, decreased immobility in tail suspension and forced swimming tests in mice. Pharmacological challenges suggested these effects to be mediated by serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, but not by GABAergic or opioid systems.165 The sesquiterpene lactones are common among plants166 and are found in a wide variety of medicinal herbs. However, even some sesquiterpene lactones found in Hedyosmum Brasiliense with podoandin are without antidepressant effect. Nonetheless, many of these molecules exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that offer neuroprotection. For example, aromadendrane-4β,10α-diol from that plant protects against neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease.167 As a cautionary note, some sesquiterpene lactones are thought to produce genotoxic and embryotoxic effects.168
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
The oil of the plant, when mixed with flour is a folk remedy for indurations of the liver, stomach, and spleen. Used in a poultice with rose oil, it is said to help indurated tumors of the parotid glands. A cataplasm prepared from the root is said to aid indurations. The flowers used in poultices or cataplasms are also said to help cancer.4 Three of the sesquiterpene lactones exhibit anticancer activity in vitro against human tumor cells. Considered anodyne, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, and tonic; said to relieve colic, debility, dysmenorrhea, dyspepsia, headache, hysteria, nervousness, neuralgia, pertussis, spasms, and toothaches. The flowers are sometimes applied externally to indolent ulcers and for irritation or inflammation of the abdominal viscera. Compresses applied for gout, inflammation, lumbago, and skin problems. Tea brewed from the herb is used for indigestion. Lotion of camomile applied to earache, neuralgia, and toothache. The oil is considered antispasmodic, carminative, cordial, and sudorific.
Lessons learned from the discovery and development of the sesquiterpene lactones in cancer therapy and prevention
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Israa A. Cheikh, Chirine El-Baba, Ali Youssef, Najat A. Saliba, Akram Ghantous, Nadine Darwiche
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) constitute a large class of plant-derived natural products. Due to their high chemical diversity and biochemical specificity, SLs hold promise in drug discovery and development. They are exclusively isolated from the Asteraceae flowering plant family, but can also be found in Apiaceae, Magnoliaceae, and Lauraceae families. SLs are colorless, lipophilic, and bitter in taste with low molecular weights [5]. A 15-carbon atom skeleton constitutes the basis of their chemical structure which is composed of three cyclical isoprene structures, one of which is a five-membered (γ) lactone group (cyclic ester) [6]. Based on their carboxylic skeleton, type, and position of substituents, SLs can be classified into the following major subfamilies: germacranolides (with a ten-membered ring), guaianolides, pseudoguaianolides and eudesmanolides (with 6/6-bicyclic rings) [7]. SL-rich plants were traditionally used to treat inflammation, fever, and bacterial infections [5]. SL research witnessed a thrive following the discovery of artemisinin, a well-known SL that resulted in a fundamental shift in antimalarial research and drug development [8]. As a result, SLs from diverse subfamilies were discovered to possess potent antitumor activities and promising anticancer treatment modalities [7].
Downregulation of fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats liver via Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Basant M. Morsy, Manal A. Hamed, Howaida I. Abd-Alla, Wessam M. Aziz, Sally N. Kamel
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are known to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of a variety of medicinal plants, mainly from the Asteraceae family (Abd-Alla et al. 2016). Siedle et al. (2003) have reported the effect of SLs on the release of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as human neutrophil elastase. The furanoheliangolide budlein A is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Viguiera robusta (Asteraceae) that recorded anti-inflammatory properties related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Fattori et al. 2018). Budlein A inhibited IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 production and lymphocyte proliferation (Wang et al. 2012). The mechanism of this compound was suggested to be related to release or over expression of inhibitory inflammatory medium such as TNF-α, NO and iNOS (Huang et al. 2013). Therefore, the presence of guaianolide and pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones in our investigated plant may take part in the inflammatory response by attenuating the overexpressed inflammatory mediators and the proliferative lymphocytes. This ameliorating effect may be mediated through conjugation with the sulphydryl groups of the target protein (Cho et al. 2000).
In vitro neuroprotective effects of farnesene sesquiterpene on alzheimer’s disease model of differentiated neuroblastoma cell line
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Mehmet Enes Arslan, Hasan Türkez, Adil Mardinoğlu
Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) are defined in a variety of plant families such as Acanthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Menispermaceae, Rutaceae, Winteraceae, and Hepatideae and also include a variety of biologically active plant chemicals such as farnesene with a wide range of biological effects [15]. Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of naturally occurring plant terpenoids, which represent the diversity and unique class of natural products. They are important components of volatile oils formed from oxidative transformation to produce from head-tail condensation of three isoprene units from cyclization [16]. Sesquiterpenes, a member of the terpene family, have great importance due to their biological activity and their impact on human diseases. When the literature is reviewed, it has been determined that sesquiterpenes have a significant biological effect in wide spectrum researches. Sesquiterpenoids and especially Asteraceae sesquiterpene lactones have played important roles in human health as part of a balanced diet and as a pharmaceutical agent for their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer [17].