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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Naturally Occurring Flavoalkaloids
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Rashmi Gaur, Jyoti Gaur, Nikhilesh Kumar
In both the tonkinensines, the alkaloid part is derived from a cytosine unit. The absolute configuration of compounds 105 and 106 was established with the help of X-ray crystallography, CD spectra and their biogenetic origin. When tested against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines, only (-)-tonkinensine B (106) showed moderate activity (IC50 of 24.3 µM against HeLa and 48.9 µM against MDA-MB-231) (Li et al., 2008a). Dejon et al. (2013) isolated a racemate compound, (-)-11-Azamedicarpin (107), from the roots of Robinia pseudoacacia, Linn., commonly known as the black locust tree, and is an aza-analog of the pterocarpan medicarpin (Dejon et al., 2013). Compound 107 showed modest activity against human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) (cell survival of 72% at 40 µM and 27% survival at 200 µM). Oxidation of 107 to its corresponding indole improved cytotoxicity, and the total synthesis of this compound was performed by Dejon and co-workers (2013).
Biotechnological Studies of Medicinal Plants to Enhance Production of Secondary Metabolites under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
The biotic/abiotic elicitors enhance the production rate of secondary metabolites when applied to culture medium containing cells at different developmental and physiological stages (Rao and Ravishankar 2002). The most common abiotic elicitors are environmental stress conditions – for example, heavy metals, salinity, UV radiation, high pH, and inorganic salts like jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Zhao et al. (2016) reported increased production of secondary metabolites when Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were treated with higher temperatures, carbon dioxide, and heavy metals. The exposure of UV-B radiation to medicinal plants W. somnifera and Chrysanthemum has resulted in a significant increase in withaferin A and chlorogenic acid contents, respectively. Also, several reports suggest a higher production of phenolic compounds in plants grown under higher temperatures and reduced water availability stress (Glynn et al. 2004; Alonsa-Amelot et al. 2007).
Forest Ecosystems
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Tommaso Sitzia, Thomas Campagnaro, Giuseppe Brundu, Massimo Faccoli, Alberto Santini, Bruce L. Webber
Depending on which ecological group is considered, as well as the context of global environmental change impacts, forests may be considered more or less susceptible to harmful invasions. Rather than seeking to draw out patterns in forest invasions, we use case studies to highlight the diversity of factors that mediate and facilitate forest invasions. We begin with an example of a tree species that behaves both as a driver and a passenger of ecosystem change, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), before exploring invasions by non-native decomposers and pathogens.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography analysis in asthmatic children under inhaled corticosteroid therapy
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Murat Gunay, Mahmut Dogru, Gokhan Celik, Betul Onal Gunay
Skin prick tests with common aeroallergens [Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinea, Alternaria alternaria, cockroaches (Blatella germanica)], cat dander and dog dander, mixture of grass pollens (Lollium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Anthoxanthum odaratum, Poa pratensis, Festuca eliator, Agrostis vulgaris, Holcus lanatus, Cynodon dactylon, Avena sativa, Avena fatua, Lotus Corniculatus), a mixture of grain pollens (oats, wheat, barley, corn), a mixture of tree pollens (Acer pseudoplanatus, Aesculus hippocastanum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia platyphyllos, Platanus vulgaris), and weed-mix pollens (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Brassica nigra, Urtica dioica, Rumex acetosa; Stallergenes SA, Antony, France) were performed using lancet. Skin prick tests were applied on the anterior surface of the forearm. Histamine (10 mg/ml) and physiological saline were used as positive and negative references, respectively. Skin reactions were evaluated 20 min after the application of the skin test, and indurations of ≥3 mm were considered as indicative of a positive reaction.
Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp.
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Ewerton Weslley Caracas Cedro, Ana Raquel Colares Andrade, Rosana Serpa, Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Vandbergue Santos Pereira, Lucas Pereira Alencar, Patrícia Bruna Leite Mendes, Bárbara Cibelle Soares Farias, Vânia Maria Maciel Melo, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
The first analysis of the effect of TIM96 on Trichosporon biofilms showed that the biosurfactant interfered with the cell–substratum adhesion process. Valraeds-Martine et al. (1996) verified inhibition of the adhesion of pathogenic enteric bacteria by a biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus, suggesting that biosurfactants possess an anti-adhesive capacity. Cochis et al. (2012) evaluated the inhibitory potential of three biosurfactants from the endophytes Robinia pseudoacacia and Nerium oleander against C. albicans biofilms. The results showed that all three biosurfactants were able to reduce biofilm formation by Candida albicans at concentrations ranging from 78.1 to 156.3 μg ml−1. The results in the present study reinforce the anti-biofilm properties of bacterial surfactants. In the present study, the ability of the biosurfactant to scatter fungal biofilms was also demonstrated, as previously reported in the literature for lipopeptide biosurfactants (Banat et al. 2014). Trichosporon biofilms were more susceptible to TIM 96 (10 × MIC100) than AMB (10 × MIC), as only the biosurfactant was able to disintegrate mature structures completely. Confocal microscopy revealed the highly heterogeneous composition of mature Trichosporon biofilms with respect to the variety of fungal structures, such as blastoconidia, hyphae and pseudohyphae. However, it is important to note that biofilms treated with TIM96 showed fewer filamentous structures than the controls. This is noteworthy due to the higher level of resistance of hyphae to antimicrobials and immunological clearance in comparison with conidia.
Toxicity of Caulerpa scalpelliformis selected fractions with fatty acids on Porthesia scintillans
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kitherian Sahayaraj, Chinnarajan Ravindran, Selvaraj Jancy, Ganesan Pechidurai
In Asia, P. scintillans was observed in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/23364#toreferences). P. scintillans was recorded in mango (Soumya 2019), Oak (Xi-Sheng et al.2010), apple (Gupta and Tara 2014), castor (Muthukrishnan and Selvan 1993), etc. Previously, the life trait of P. scintillans was studied by Koshiya et al. (1977) using castor and also by Shamila and Pandey (2004) using Robinia pseudoacacia as food in a briefly. This gave an elaborate view of P. scintillans biology can be used for future research and related purposes.