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Starch-Based Nanocarriers of Nutraceuticals: Synthesis and Applications
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Alberto A. Escobar-Puentes, Adriana García-Gurrola, Fernando Martínez-Bustos
Succinylated starch as amphiphilic molecules has been evaluated for the nanoencapsulation of the bioflavonoid rutin. Rutin (also known as vitamin P) is found in Fagopyrum esculentum, Rutagraveolens, and Sophora japonica plants and in other sources such as passionflower, buckwheat, tea, and apple, from which it has been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo studies to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephro-protective, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, vasoprotective, and anticancer activities (Ganeshpurkar and Saluja, 2017; Ghorbani, 2017). However, its clinical application is limited due to its poor solubility in water and lipids phases. When rutin molecules were nanoencapsulated in starch nanospheres, a considerable increase in the particle size of up to 150 nm was evident. On the other hand, an increase in the degree of substitution resulted in a decrease in the encapsulation efficiency (85%–75%), the amount of loaded rutin (0.36–0.30 µg/mg), and the particle size (70–150 nm). The latter was explained because the greater the degree of substitution, the greater the hydrophobic interaction among the micellar nuclei, resulting in more compact nuclei with a reduced particle size and a smaller amount of rutin embedded in the nucleus. According to in vitro release studies, the authors indicated that nanocellular systems were capable of exerting a slow and controlled release (Li et al., 2018).
Inhibiting Insulin Resistance and Accumulation of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in the Liver
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Sophora japonica L. added 5% of high-fat diet to C57BL/6 male mice reduced weight gain from 0.3 to 0.2 g/day, total cholesterol from 162.7 to 100.9 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol 81.5 and 60.8 mg/dL and glucose from 344.5 to 235.2 mg/dL.274 Furthermore, this supplementation reduced hepatic triglycerides from 28.9 to 11 mg/g and attenuated hepatic cholesterol contents.274 Total fat mass was reduced by 58%.274
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm formation with small-molecule inhibitors of sortase A from Juniperus chinensis
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Eunji Cho, Ji-Yeon Hwang, Jae Sung Park, Daehyun Oh, Dong-Chan Oh, Hyeung-Geun Park, Jongheon Shin, Ki-Bong Oh
Based on an initial screening of bioactive metabolites that may function as SrtA inhibitors, extracts of 120 commercially available Korean traditional medicines were tested against S. aureus- and S. mutans-derived SrtA. Some of these extracts showed enzyme inhibitory activity exceeding 40% at 100 μg/mL concentration. The SrtA inhibitory metabolites of these traditional medicines were identified as curcuminoids from Curcuma longa [13], flavonoids from Sophora flavescens [14], lignans and phenyl propanoids from Pulsatilla koreana [15], maltol derivatives and flavonol glycosides from Sophora japonica [16,17], flavonoids from Psoralea corylifolia [18] and Spatholobus suberectus [19,20], and coumarins from Poncirus trifoliata [21].
HPLC-UV/HRMS methods for the unambiguous detection of adulterations of Ginkgo biloba leaves with Sophora japonica fruits on an extract level
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Evangelia Bampali, Stefan Germer, Rudolf Bauer, Žarko Kulić
Thirty-three dried G. biloba leaf samples were obtained from plantations in China (controlled contract cultivation) (12 samples), the USA (South Carolina) (13 samples), and France (Département Gironde) (8 samples), by Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG. The herbal drug complies with the requirements described in the monograph of G. biloba in the European Pharmacopoeia (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare, Council of Europe 2019) and this material is used for the production of quantified EGb 761®. The various samples were harvested in different years (2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016) from plantations in China, (2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016) from the USA and (2014, 2015, and 2016) from France. Voucher specimens are deposited at Dr. Willmar Schwabe (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sophora japonica fruits were obtained from Kräuter Schulte (Gernsbach, Germany) and a voucher specimen is deposited at Dr. Willmar Schwabe (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors as potential anti-diabetes agents: patent review (2015-2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
Hidayat Hussain, Ivan R Green, Ghulam Abbas, Sergazy M Adekenov, Wahid Hussain, Iftikhar Ali
Sophora japonica L. (Fabaceae) is employed to stop bleeding intraditional medicine. Moreover the flowers, leaves, buds, seeds, and bark of S. japonica are employed as medical componants in Japan, China, and Korea. Furthermore, flowers and flower buds of this plant are used to treat hematemesis, hematuria, hemorrhinia, metrorrhagia, uterine hemorrhage, conjunctivitis, pyoderma, leukorrhea, arteriosclerosis, dizziness, and hypertension [44]. Naphthoquinone glycoside (68) was isolated from S. japonica and demonstrated its PTP1B inhibitory effects with IC50: 1.12 μM [45]. On the other hand the 1,4-benzoquinone analog 69 having an aliphatic side chain was isolated from Caulerpa racemosa and possessed PTP1B activity with an IC50 of 3.85 μM [46]. The stilbene analogs 70 and 71 (Figure 5) were reported from Aglaia abbreviata [47] and Aglaia perviridis [48] respectively. These compounds (70 and 71) possessed PTP1B activity with IC50 values of 2.44 and 2.58 μg/mL respectively. In another patent, stilbene analog 72 demonstrated PTP1B effects with an IC50 of 2.23 μg/mL [49].