China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
Rutin is a flavonoid having biological activities like anti-viral, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is an active compound of Lianhua Qingwen and inhibits replication of different RNA viruses like enterovirus A71 and influenza A virus. Molecular dynamics simulation has shown that Rutin has the ability to bind SARS-CoV-2 Mpro’ pocket preventing interaction of viral and cell substrate complex (Table 10.4) [24].
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Rutin is a bioflavonoid that inhibits platelet aggregation and clotting.7‘8 Rutin successfully treated and prevented blood clots in both arteries and veins.7 In another study, rutin was found to effectively inhibit fibrin clotting and thrombin activity as well as thrombosis and acute thromboembolism. Clinical studies are still needed to confirm these promising results.
Mitochondria in Huntington’s Disease
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Several phytochemicals have been tested and shown to confer neuroprotection through their antioxidant action. Rutin (RT), a primary flavonoid from citrus fruits and green tea, restored all the biochemical, behavioral, and histological alterations caused by 3-NP treatment (Suganya et al., 2017). Lycopene, a carotenoid pigment and phytochemical naturally found in fruits and vegetables, reduced oxidative stress markers and improved behavior in a 3-NP-induced rodent model of HD (Kumar and Kumar, 2009). Grape seed phenolic extract (GSPE) treatment in both fly and R6/2 mouse models of HD effectively extended lifespan in both models and reduced motor deficits in R6/2 mice, demonstrating preclinical efficacy of GSPE in HD treatment (Wang et al., 2010). L-theanine is an amino acid found most commonly in tea leaves (both green and black tea) and in small amounts in Bay Bolete mushrooms. L-theanine pretreatment restored superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase levels, and succinate dehydrogenase activity and significantly attenuated the impairment in behavioral, biochemical, and mitochondrial enzyme activities in 3-NP treated rats (Thangarajan et al., 2014). (R)-lipoic acid, a mitochondrial coenzyme, is the form of lipoic acid that occurs naturally in plants, animals, and the human body; its supplementation improves indices of metabolic activity and lowers oxidative stress and damage in aging (Hagen et al., 1999).
Photoprotective effect of solid lipid nanoparticles of rutin against UVB radiation damage on skin biopsies and tissue-engineered skin
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Rodrigo Molina Martins, Silvia de Siqueira Martins, Gustavo Luis Ferreira Barbosa, Maria José Vieira Fonseca, Patrick J. Rochette, Véronique J. Moulin, Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
Following irradiation, the histological sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin showed the formation of cells with apoptotic features (Figure 1(a)). Sunburn cells are formed in the epidermis, generally in the basal layer, after exposure to UV radiation (Rahman et al. 2021). The keratinocytes start to present a distinct morphology with a densely ruddy cytoplasm (eosinophile) characterised by cellular shrinkage and nucleus condensation. These cells activate the p53 protein to help in the damaged DNA repairing process; however, if the process fails, the p53 protein becomes a cell apoptosis starter. Therefore, the damaged keratinocyte undergoes apoptosis and forms sunburn cells, which leads to redness and skin pain (Tanabbal et al. 2020). Irradiation of both skin models induced a significant appearance of these apoptotic cells in the epidermis, whereas treatment with formulations containing SLNs of rutin reversed the number of apoptotic cells, from around 43.4%±10.53 (tissue-engineered skins) and 31.4%±6.39 (skin explants) to 11.31% ±1.76 and 6.20%±0.94, respectively (Figure 1(b)). No difference between both treatments, rutin associated with SLNs and the free rutin, has been detected. The decrease in the number of sunburn cells was thus likely due to rutin’s antioxidant ability to scavenge free radicals. Indeed, the structure of rutin is rich in hydroxyl groups conducive to capturing ROS and transforming them into less reactive forms. In addition, rutin has inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory processes (Gęgotek et al. 2019).
The protective effect of rutin against busulfan-induced testicular damage in adult rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Sunny O. Abarikwu, Chidimma J. Mgbudom-Okah, Chigozie L. Onuah
In this respect, rutin has been applied in several experimental models to protect the testes against chemically-induced testicular damage (Abarikwu et al. 2012a, Aksu et al. 2017, Osawe and Farombi 2018). These positive effects of rutin are mostly achieved through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions (Wei et al. 2011). However, little is known if rutin could protect injury to the testes of rats that are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs other than cyclophosphamide as reported previously by our research group (Abarikwu et al. 2012a) and cisplatin (Jahan et al. 2018). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of rutin against testicular damage caused by busulfan. Biometric data, plasma level of testosterone and steroidogenic enzymes activities, biochemical markers of oxidative stress, cyto-toxicity enzyme biomarkers and markers of inflammatory mediators and morphology of the testes were evaluated in the treated rats. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data on the effect of this naturally occurring phytochemical on busulfan-induced testicular toxicity and, thus, the study was undertaken to fill the gap in this regard.
Garuga pinnata attenuates oxidative stress and liver damage in chemically induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Sandeep Chavan, Remeth Dias, Chandrakant Magdum
The analytical techniques including UV, FTIR, NMR and GC-MS confirmed the presence of rutin as flavonoids a principle phytochemical in G. pinnata extract. Rutin is a flavonol abundantly present in plants such as passion flower, buckwheat, tea, and apple, and its chemical name is (3,3ʹ,4ʹ,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside). Chemically, it is a glycoside along with disaccharide rutinose, flavonolic aglycone quercetin. A variety of pharmacological behaviors have been shown, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, vasoprotective, anticarcinogenic, neuroprotective and cardio protective and hepatoprotective activities [54]. Rutin is commonly studied in laboratory animals for hepatoprotective function. The protective role of rutin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injuries in rats was tested by [55,56]. Rutin administration resulted in reductions in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase due to carbon tetrachloride elevation. Thus, current study demonstrated PCM, TAA and ethanol-induced acute and chronic hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats was significantly treated by using ethanolic extracts of G. pinnata leaves due to presence rutin as antioxidant, hepatoprotective flavonoids constituent.