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Herbal Product Development and Characteristics
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Francisco J. Barba, Paulo S. E. Munekata, Elena Movilla Fierro, José M. Lorenzo
The other very important compound for biological properties is carnosic acid with antitumor and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity related to preventive medicine could be attributed to free-radical scavenger activity for neutralizing ROS (Andrade et al., 2018). The products obtained from R. officinalis L. are regulated by the FDA (FDA, 2018).
Iron, Oxygen Stress, and The Preterm Infant
Published in Bo Lönnerdal, Iron Metabolism in Infants, 2020
The most important free radical scavenger in vivo is vitamin E.26 The scavenger radical (A·) formed after the reaction between a lipid peroxide radical (L·) and vitamin E is unreactive and degrades without injury to the organism. Vitamin E includes several different substances (isomers of tocopherol and tocotrienol). These all have antioxidant activity, but a-tocopherol is the most potent.27 One site of action of vitamin E is in the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes.28 An important function of vitamin E in biological membranes is to scavenge radicals formed in lipid peroxidation reactions.29 In addition, vitamin E may also reduce superoxide anions and singlet oxygen.30
Plant-Based Compounds as Alternative Adjuvant Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Cancer
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
E. C. Aniogo, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse
They are lipid-soluble compounds that play an important role together with chlorophylls in photosynthesis and photoprotection (Kapinova et al. 2018). This molecule has a long conjugated double bond series in its center, which gives them their sharp, chemical reactivity and light-absorbing properties. Carotenoids inhibit the oxidative effects of reactive and singlet oxygen species that are produced from a plant’s exposure to light and air. They react with radical molecules and delocalize the unpaired electron, thus inhibiting the oxidative effects of the radicals. This antioxidant activity makes them an excellent free radical scavenger (Ramel et al. 2012). Carotenoids are widely found in nature and can be used to prevent lipid oxidation and other related oxidative stress. Fruits including carrots, watermelons, apricots, pink guavas, tomatoes, pumpkin, mango, and sweet potatoes are rich sources of carotenoids (Jaswir et al. 2011). Generally, carotenoids are classified into α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutin, and lycopene (Liu 2004). Many epidemiological studies have found beneficial effects of carotenoid-rich foods in the reduction of cancer progression. As a chemoprevention strategy against certain human cancers, carotenoids and other antioxidants could be used, although there appears to be a detrimental interaction between β-carotene, smoke, and alcohol (Tanaka et al. 2012).
Centella asiatica prevents D-galactose-Induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the adult rat brain
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Zeba Firdaus, Neha Singh, Santosh Kumar Prajapati, Sairam Krishnamurthy, Tryambak Deo Singh
Centella asiatica (CA), often referred to as Mandookaparni or Gotu kola is a perennial herbaceous creeper found in marshy areas up to the height of 1800 m throughout India. The entire plant has therapeutic significance. CA is an effective herb for the central nervous system (CNS) and is thought to increase intelligence and memory (Kapoor 1990). This herb is used often against anxiety, inflammation and depression (Firdaus and Singh 2020). The phytoconstituents of CA include a large number of compounds, but triterpenes, alkaloids and flavonoids are the major active constituents present in CA extract (Chiroma et al. 2017). Moreover, it contains a small amount of essential oil, flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and some phytosterol such as campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol (Oyedeji and Afolayan 2005). Most of the pharmacological effects are predominantly due to the presence of triterpenes (Srivastava et al. 1997). The triterpenes from CA are chiefly pentacyclic triterpenic acids that include asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, madecassoside, brahmoside, brahmic acid, brahminoside and other triterpenic glycosides of CA of the ursane or oleanane-type (Hashim et al. 2011). These phytochemicals can react with free radicals and pause the further propagation of the free radical chain reaction and thus function as a free radical scavenger (Tsao 2010).
Swimming exercise in combination with garlic extract administration as a therapy against doxorubicin-induced hepatic, heart and renal toxicity to rats
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Parvin Farzanegi, Mahdieh Asadi, Ahmad Abdi, Marjan Etemadian, Maryam Amani, Vahideh Amrollah, Fatemeh Shahri, Vali Gholami, Zahra Abdi, Lida Moradi, Saeed Ghorbani, Zahra Fallah, Joachim Wiskeman, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
Free radicals are highly reactive oxidizing agents that have one or more unpaired electron and react with macromolecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and DNA for compensation of their deficit electron (Layali et al.2015). In order to counteract the toxic effects of free radicals, there are different types of antioxidants that act as a free radical scavenger and hence they protect cells against free radicals. Since the toxicity effects of DXR can be mediated by oxidative damages, the deleterious consequences from DXR may be mitigated by enhancing antioxidants. For this reason, recent studies have applied different strategies, especially use of fruits and vegetables (Indu et al.2014), diet supplementations (Ozturk et al.2003, Alshabanah et al.2010, Heck et al.2016) as well as different types of chronic exercises (Kanter et al.1985, Peng et al.2012), to increase antioxidant status and decline the toxicity of DXR.
Naringenin prevents doxorubicin-induced toxicity in kidney tissues by regulating the oxidative and inflammatory insult in Wistar rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Tajdar Husain Khan, Majid Ahmad Ganaie, Khalid Mofleh Alharthy, Hassan Madkhali, Basit Latief Jan, Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
Flavonoids, which are the naturally occurring heat stable phenolic compounds have diverse pharmacological properties and are predominantly found in fruits, tea, wine, vegetables, spice, and herbs (Patel et al.2018). Flavonoids not only have integral physiological roles in the plants but are also considered important non-nutritive components of the human diet (Schijlen et al.2004, Procházková et al.2011, Patel et al.2018). Naringenin, represents a class of flavonoids called as flavones, these phytochemical mainly present in grapes, berries, and tomatoes, is a common component of the human diet and has gained huge interest because of its encouraging effect on human and animal aliments. It is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as free radical scavenger, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent (Annaduraia et al.2013, Chtourou et al.2015). Naringenin is considered relatively safe for human consumption and is not considered toxic with LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (Ortiz et al.2008).