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Extracorporeal Purging of Bone Marrow Grafts by Dye-Sensitized Photoirradiation
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Serum albumin and, to a lesser degree, lipoproteins bind MC 540 with moderate affinity,70 and compete with cellular dye-binding sites for dye molecules. Inclusion of a suitable concentration of serum or serum components such as albumin in the staining medium facilitates the distinction between cells with high and low affinity dye-binding sites.40,50 Varying the concentration of serum in the illumination medium also provides an effective means of controlling the rate of dye-sensitized photolysis.18,24,42 Sera from different sources differ considerably with regard to their photoprotective capacity. In a limited survey conducted in this laboratory, fetal bovine serum turned out to be the least protective serum, followed in order of increasing photoprotective effect by horse, newborn calf, calf, and human serum.70 Minor differences in photoprotective potency are also found between different lots of serum from the same source. A good correlation exists between the photoprotective effect of a serum and its albumin content.70 Albumin that is saturated with fatty acids binds more MC 540 than delipidated albumin.70
Influence of Light on Essential Oil Constituents
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Marie-Christine Cudlik, Gerhard Buchbauer
Moulin et al. (1995) used laser photolysis as an alternative to other separation techniques for purifying complex mixtures such as extracts and EOs by selectively eliminating non-desirable molecules. They monitored the destruction of the molecules by spectral changes and identified the photoproducts by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Salvia and bergamot EOs were diluted tenfold and subjected to a laser beam in order to purge the contained amount of toxic thujone and phototoxic bergapten, respectively.
Affinity Labeling
Published in Roger L. Lundblad, Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 2020
The actual conditions for photolysis vary with the protein and affinity label. The two general reviews cited above85,86 contain extensive detail regarding solvent/temperature selection and irradiation conditions (including lamp selection).
Acute inhalation toxicity of aerosolized electrochemically generated solution of sodium hypochlorite
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Bohdan Murashevych, Dmitry Girenko, Hanna Maslak, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Olha Abraimova, Olha Netronina, Petro Zhminko
The data in Table 3 indicate that during the exposure there is a non-linear increase in the concentration of active chlorine in the air of the chamber. In the absence of changes in the dosing parameters of the test solution, this can be explained by the instability of the active chlorine components. Primarily it is due to the rapid decomposition of hypochlorous acid HOCl, which evaporates from the hypochlorite aerosol droplet, in the gas phase, presumably by the oxygen mechanism. In the ultraviolet spectrum of gaseous HOCl, two absorption maxima are observed at the wavelength 240 nm (58.4 mol−1·cm−1) and 310 nm (16.3 mol−1·cm−1), which proves that the molecule absorbs in the ultraviolet spectral range (Molina and Molina 1978). The photolysis of hypochlorite acid in solutions proceeds according to the equation (light stage): 1992):
UV activation of hydrogen peroxide for removal of azithromycin antibiotic from aqueous solution: determination of optimum conditions by response surface methodology
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Rouhollah Shokri, Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Ali Akbar Babaei, Ehsan Derikvand, Ali Almasi
According to the results, the azithromycin concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, contact time, and pH parameters are effective on the UV/H2O2 process efficiency. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency (76%) was at 60 min of contact time and the azithromycin concentration of 2 mg/L, the hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10 mg/L, and pH 3 were obtained respectively. Increasing the initial concentration of antibiotics and reducing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide decreases the efficiency of the treatment process. The efficiency of azithromycin removal was highest in acidic conditions, and by increasing pH to the alkaline range, the efficiency was decreased. Also, the most important and effective parameters in the removal process are as follows: azithromycin concentration > pH > contact time > hydrogen peroxide concentration. In total, the effect of two photochemical processes in water, direct photolysis with UV and hydroxyl radicals in the antibiotics destruction, are the reason for the high removal efficiency. For further removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments with higher concentrations or higher efficiency, it is suggested that longer contact time and higher concentrations of oxidants are also investigated by other researchers. It is also suggested that the antibiotic biodegradability for biological treatment should be evaluated by measuring BOD5. The quantitative and qualitative assessments are also made on the probable formed metabolites.
Lasers for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars: a review of the literature
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Amanda Rosenthal, Hiren Kolli, Rachel Israilevich, Ronald Moy
Low-level lasers are defined as lasers with a power density less than 500 mW/cm2. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) activates the respiratory chain, as well as other reduction-oxidation chains within cells. Reactive oxygen species then cause a photolysis of blood cells (29). Some animal studies have shown that LLLT accelerates wound closure, increases wound epithelialization, and improves tensile strength of scars (30–33). While others have failed to demonstrate the same positive effects (34). To our knowledge, only one study has been performed in humans. While this study lacked a control group, it did demonstrate a positive, but limited effect in treating the clinical appearance and symptoms of hypertrophic burn scars (35). Again, the difference in the separate components of the VSS was not detailed and it is therefore difficult to ascertain how LLLT specifically changed the appearance of these scars. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine how reliable the results are. The investigators compared the treated site to a similar appearing lesion on the same individual and thus the control may not have had the same characteristics or formation as the treated site.