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Cockroach and other inhalant insect allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Common insecticides in bait products include, among others, abamectin, boric acid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate, fipronil, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, and pyriproxyfen. The availability of effective baits has revolutionized cockroach control and dramatically increased the effectiveness of interventions and allergen reduction. Cockroach population reductions of 95%–100% are common when baits are properly deployed and multiple sticky traps are used during the intervention to guide bait placement, determine amount, assess efficacy, and steer further actions [10,110,112]. Although baits have been shown to be highly effective, and cockroach control alone can significantly reduce cockroach allergens in infested homes [110,113], an integrated intervention should include cleaning, vacuuming, making repairs to eliminate water and hiding places, and improving sanitation (Table 15.4). The extent of cockroach allergen stability and allergen persistence in the environment following cockroach eradication measures is unknown, so thorough cleaning and vacuuming are especially recommended after cockroaches have been eliminated to remove cockroach allergen found in feces, cast cuticles, and body parts from the environment.
Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
Classified by their chemical characteristics, the most common insecticides applied in public health practice are: petroleum oils and their derivatives;active constituents of flowers of pyrethrum (pyrethrins) or some newer synthetic compounds of this group (pyrethroids);chlorinated hydrocarbons: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocydohexane (HCH) and dieldrin;organophosphorous insecticides: malathion, temephos etc.;carbamates: propoxur, carbaryl etc.;insect growth regulators: diflubenzuron, methoprene, pyriproxyfen.
Effects of three conventional insecticides on life table parameters and detoxifying enzymes activity of Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohammad Fazel Hallaji Sani, Bahram Naseri, Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi, Sirus Aghajanzadeh, Mohammad Ghadamyari
Chlorpyrifos (O,O-Diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide interfere with signaling from the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Rathod and Garg 2017). It provides a good alternative to more harmful pesticides used on a variety of crops, and is now one of the most important pesticides for controlling the orange pulvinaria scale (EPA 2000, Saedi et al. 2018). Pyriproxyfen (4-phenoxyphenyl (R/S)-2–(2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether, 2-[1–(4-phenoxyphenoxy) propan-2-yloxy] pyridine), a pyridine-based pesticide, was first introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly (Ishaaya and Horowitz 1995, Devillers 2013). This insect growth regulator (IGR) is a juvenile hormone analog that prevents larvae from developing into adulthood and thus rendering them unable to reproduce (Ishaaya and Horowitz 1995). Acetamiprid (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl]-N'-cyano-N-methyl-acetamidine) is a systemic insecticide belonging to the chloropyridinyl neonicotinoids, and applied to control sucking insects on crops (Yao et al. 2006). This compound can be used combined with other pesticides with a different mode of action (Ford and Casida 2006).
In vitro screening of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of pyriproxyfen in human lymphocytes and Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Havva Bugda, Banu Guven Ezer, Eyyup Rencuzogullari
Pyriproxyfen (PPX) is a juvenile hormone analog, which disrupts the endocrine system by mimicking the juvenile hormone activity in insects (Devillers 2020a) via acting as a growth regulator in insect larvae (Ishaaya and Horowitz 1995). First, it was used against whitefly in cotton in the USA in 1996, and then it was used both in domestic animals and at home against fleas, ants, and cockroaches (Meola et al.1996).
Building the evidence base for dengue vector control: searching for certainty in an uncertain world
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
Olaf Horstick, Ross Boyce, Silvia Runge-Ranzinger
Fewer studies assessed the impact of vector control methods on adult mosquito indices. The only RCT/cRCT study designs that measured adult indices were studies of the insect growth regulator pyriproxifen, which was found to reduce adult indices in all four included RCTs [18]. In other study designs, the use of Temephos and pyripoxifen produced mixed results.