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Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Toxicity — Allergenic information has been summarized6 indicating that patch tests (20 to 60 minutes) produced vescicular reactions in volunteers. Hyperpigmentation appeared at the test sites accompanied by conjunctivitis and nasal mucosa, due to the vapor.6 Protoanemonin is an irritant toxic principle, potentially hazardous to livestock.11
Himalayan poisonous plants for traditional healings and protection from viral attack: a comprehensive review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shriya Pathania, Diksha Pathania, Priyanka Chauhan, Mamta Sharma
These diterpenes are classified as phorbol esters and they stimulate protein kinase. In contact with skin, mucosal tissues or the eye they cause acute inflammation, with blister and ulcer formation. Furanocoumarins can penetrate the intercalate dermal cells and skin (Mutschler et al. 2008). When skin is supposed to expose daylight, the Furanocoumarins alkylate DNA, which kills the cells and incites necrosis and robust blister formation. Many species of the Ranunculaceae accumulate the glycoside ranunculin in the vacuole. It splits into the active protoanemonin, which can alkylate proteins and DNA, which causes skin and mucosal irritation, followed by severe inflammation. The proteases or other noxious proteins of plants further worsen the condition by their damaging activity.
Phytodermatitis in East and southeast of Turkey: A prospective study
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Members of the Ranunculaceae family, including R. arvensis, are herbaceous plants with five-leaf yellow flowers, especially seen in spring and summer1. This plant is applied topically to the painful area in alternative medicine and covered with a nylon. This plant grows in Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia in our country. Ranunculus species contain ranunculin having irritant properties. Ranunculin is the precursor to protoanemonin, a toxic substance, and the actual toxic effect is thought to be caused by protoanemonin. With skin contact of the plant, ranunculin is transformed to protoanemonin. When applied to the skin surface, subepidermal dissociation and bulla formation are seen by the destruction of the sulfur bonds1,17.