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The Role of Flaxseed Micronutrients and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Blood Vessel and Heart Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
L-Arginine increased the pain-free walking distance by 230 ± 63% and the absolute walking distance by 155 ± 48%. Prostaglandin E1 improved both parameters by 209 ± 63% and 144 ± 28%, respectively, whereas control patients experienced no significant change. L-Arginine therapy also improved endothelium-dependent vaso-dilation in the femoral artery (FMD), whereas PGE1 had no such effect.
Antiasthma Agents during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Certain medications, possibly used during labor and delivery, have the potential to worsen asthma. Nonselective β-blockers, carboprost (15-methyl prostaglandin F2 α) and ergonovine may trigger bronchospasm. Magnesium sulfate is a bronchodilator, but indomethacin can induce bronchospasm in patients who are sensitive to aspirin. Prostaglandin E2 or prostaglandin E1 can be used for cervical ripening, the management of spontaneous or induced abortions, or the management of postpartum hemorrhage (ACOG, 2008).
The Infertile Male
Published in Arianna D'Angelo, Nazar N. Amso, Ultrasound in Assisted Reproduction and Early Pregnancy, 2020
Thoraya Ammar, C. Jason Wilkins, Dean C.Y. Huang, Paul S. Sidhu
In order to reduce any anxiety associated with this examination, the procedure should be conducted in a quiet and private room. Of note, there is a small risk of priapism following intracavernosal injection of the stimulant used, commonly prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which is injected to elicit an erectile response. This should be included in the consent process, and patients should be advised to return to the emergency department if the erection persists for longer than 4 hours.
A review on pharmacological options for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: state of the art and new strategies
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Mattia Longoni, Alessandro Bertini, Nicolò Schifano, Emanuele Zaffuto, Paolo Maggio, Rossi Piercarlo, Sara Baldini, Giulio Carcano, Gabriele Antonini, Andrea Salonia, Francesco Montorsi, Federico Dehò, Paolo Capogrosso
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, also known as alprostadil), is the first and only drug approved for intracavernous (IC) injection for the management of ED (Table 2) [59]. As with other intracavernosal agents, its mechanism of action does not rely on an intact nerve supply. Therefore, whenever penile vascularization is preserved, an erection could occur. After binding with G-protein-coupled receptors (mainly EP2 and EP4), PGE1 induces relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa and subsequent vasodilatation by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis [8]. In addition, PGE1 causes an α-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release, reinforcing vasodilatation and inducing veno-occlusion [60]. The erection generally appears after 5–15 minutes and lasts according to the dose injected, but with substantial discrepancy among patients [55].
Choroidal Thickness is Increased following Restraint Stress in Rats
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Yuki Maeda, Masashi Takata, Fumi Gomi
In this study, choroidal thickness was measured after the intravenous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and restraint stress loading. Because a previous study15 reported that vasodilatory PGE1 administration significantly increased retinal and choroidal blood flow in rats, choroidal thickness was measured before and at 5, 10, and 15 min after the intravenous injection of the PGE1 drug alprostadil (Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Osaka, Japan) (10 µg/kg) through the tail vein of five rats after general anesthesia was induced. Choroidal thickness was also measured 1 day before and immediately after the restraint stress loading (n = 5). As a second experiment, the choroidal thickness was measured repeatedly, 1 day before and on the same day as stress loading, and 1 to 3 days after stress loading (all, n = 5). As a control, choroidal thickness was measured without stress loading for 5 days (n = 5). The concentration of corticosterone was measured in saliva collected from five rats after stress loading.
Pharmacotherapeutic advances for chronic idiopathic constipation in adults
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Gabrio Bassotti, Paolo Usai Satta, Ginevra Berti, Mariantonia Lai, Vincenzo Villanacci, Massimo Bellini
Lubiprostone was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2006 to treat CIC in adults. It is a secretagogue drug, prostone analog, bicyclic fatty acid metabolite of prostaglandin E1. Lubiprostone is a selective locally activator of type two chloride channel (ClC2), that is highly selective for chloride. The ClC-2 channels are widely present in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract (stomach, small intestine, colon) and have several important functions, such as maintenance of membrane cell potential, pH and cell volume regulation, and participation in Cl transport and fluid secretion. Lubiprostone acts on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium activating the ClC-2 channel to allow luminal secretion of chloride that promotes water release. This increased secretion improves intestinal and colonic motility and softens the stool, making their passage easier [32]. Clinical studies (Table 2) confirmed the efficacy of lubiprostone: treated patients reported an increase of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) and an improvement of stool consistency and of abdominal bloating [33–36]. Some studies also showed an improvement of quality of life compared with baseline, but only in long-term therapy [37]. The more frequent side effects consist of diarrhea, nausea and headache [38,39]. The most important concern about lubiprostone is the high cost [40]: a one-month supply of lubiprostone costs approximately $178. To date, the drug is commercialized in US and India.