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Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances
Published in John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson, Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
Lingtak-Neander Chan, Berkeley N. Limketkai
IV potassium supplementation is highly effective, although it carries risks. The most serious risk associated with IV potassium is arrhythmia, which is closely associated with the rate of infusion. As a general rule, the rate of potassium infusion should never exceed 10 mEq/hour in the absence of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Infusion rates >10 mEq/hour should be given only in settings with continuous cardiac monitoring, such as the intensive care unit. Rates above 20 mEq/ hour are highly irritating to peripheral veins. An infusion rate >40 mEq/hour is not recommended. The preferred vehicle in delivering potassium is saline solution, as infusing large amount of dextrose may stimulate insulin release, which would drive plasma potassium intracellularly. Potassium acetate should be considered in patients with hypokalemia who also have metabolic acidosis or a bicarbonate deficit. Similarly, potassium phosphate can be used in hypokalemic patients with concomitant hypophosphatemia. To maximize potassium retention, serum magnesium concentration should be monitored and deficiency corrected.
Diabetes in Children
Published in Jack L. Leahy, Nathaniel G. Clark, William T. Cefalu, Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, 2000
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf, Daniel J. Nigrin
Half the potassium is given as potassium acetate and the other half as potassium phosphate. This reduces the total amount of chloride administered and partially replaces the phosphate deficit, but is unlikely to induce hypocalcemia.
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Supreet Kaur, Nicholas S. Nieto, Peter McDonald, Josh R. Beck, Richard B. Honzatko, Anuradha Roy, Scott W. Nelson
The HT assay employs a molecular beacon, a stem-loop DNA template with a Cy3 dye and the Black Hole Quencher on the 3′ and 5′ ends of the DNA, respectively15. Pf-apPOL concentration is based on a calculated absorptivity of ε280 = 56750 M−1 cm−1. Reactions were carried out at 25 °C, using Corning 3575 386-well plates (well-volume, 20 µL). Assays testing for compound inhibition composed of reaction buffer (pH 7.9 in 50 mM potassium acetate, 20 mM Tris-acetate and 10 mM magnesium acetate), Pf-apPOL (20 nM), DNA substrate (20 nM), dNTPs (6 µM), and compound (10 µM in DMSO). The DNA and nucleotide substrates (dNTPs) were at concentrations of 20 nM and 6 µM, respectively, in the assay. Pf-apPOL was incubated in the reaction buffer with dNTPs and the compound of interest (10 µM, in the assay) at 25 °C for 10 min. The DNA substrate was then added and the reaction was allowed to proceed for 90 min at 25 °C.
Multidimensional Studies of Pancratium parvum Dalzell Against Acetylcholinesterase: A Potential Enzyme for Alzheimer’s Management
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Devashree N. Patil, Shrirang R. Yadav, Sushama Patil, Vishwas A. Bapat, Jyoti P. Jadhav
Total phenolics and flavonoids content were estimated as described by Adewusi and Steenkamp (2011) (9), with few modifications. For phenolics quantification, the total reaction mixture had a final volume of 4 ml containing plant extract with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (diluted with water 1:10 v/v) and sodium carbonate. The resultant mixture was then incubated for 90 min at room temperature. Absorbance was measured at 765 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and phenolic content was expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE g −1) of dry mass. Similarly, for flavonoids evaluation, sample was mixed with 10% aluminum chloride solution with 1 M potassium acetate. The solution was allowed to stand for 30 min and absorbance was measured at 415 nm. The result was expressed as milligram of quercetin equivalents per gram (mg QUEg −1) of dry weight.
Ethanol production from cassava starch by protoplast fusants of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Galactomyces candidum
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Tolulope Modupe Adeleye, Sharafadeen Olateju Kareem, Mobolaji O. Bankole, Olusegun Atanda, Abideen I. Adeogun
Chemicals include: absolute ethanol (BDH Chemicals), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), isopropanol, potassium acetate, proteinase K, sodium chloride, PVP, ammonium sulfate (Sigma Chemical Company, USA.), sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate, sodium potassium tartrate, and acetic acid. Others include sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, mannitol, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sorbitol, hydrochloric acid, ribose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose and maltose sugars all obtained from BDH Chemicals, UK., 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw 3350), glycerol, 2-βmercaptoethanol, bromophenol blue, acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, Whatman filter paper grade 1, tris hydrochloric acid ammonium per