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The Potential of Plants as Treatments for Venous Thromboembolism
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lilitha L. Denga, Namrita Lall
Natural antioxidants and polyphenolic compounds are believed to inhibit platelet activity and thrombosis via free radical scavenging (Santhakumar 2015). Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that was first isolated from Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. ex Miq.) O.Loes. (white hellebore) roots in 1940 (Salehi et al. 2018). The best described medicinal property of resveratrol is its ability to act as a potent antioxidant (Brown et al. 2009). Resveratrol has been detected in more than 70 plant species; however, resveratrol is present at high concentrations in the seeds and skin of grapes, the fruits of Vitis vinifera L. (Mehta, Branford, and Rolfe 2016).
Neuroprotective Role of Resveratrol in Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
V. S. Dendi, Magisetty Obulesu
Polyphenols play a pivotal role in attenuating the AD disease progression in humans (Esfandiarei et al., 2019). Resveratrol (3,5,4 –trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a phytoalexin abundantly available in grapes, wine, and peanuts, with health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antitumor, and cardioprotective activities (Baur and Sinclair, 2006; Izquierdo et al., 2019). Accordingly, resveratrol offers substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection against NDs (Renaud and de Lorgeril, 1992; Pervaiz, 2003; de Sa Countinho et al., 2018; Esfandiarei et al., 2019; Obulesu, 2019). Resveratrol shows significant neuroprotection against both AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Sun et al., 2010; Gomes et al., 2018; Xia et al., 2019; Izquierdo et al., 2019).
Respiratory Tract Function and Nutraceuticals
Published in Priyanka Bhatt, Maryam Sadat Miraghajani, Sarvadaman Pathak, Yashwant Pathak, Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 2019
Kavita Joshi, Vineet Jain, Kunal Dhankhar, Harvinder Popli, Keerti Jain
Nanoemulsion: It is a nanoformulation in which two immiscible liquids are mixed to get one single phase in the size range of 20 nm to 200 nm. Resveratrol is a natural product with poor bioavailability. It is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury, or when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. It has been encapsulated with a nanoemulsion to enhance its bioavailability (Ruchi et al. 2017).
The effectiveness of resveratrol in treatment of PCOS on the basis of experimental model in rats
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Maria Yarmolinskaya, Olga Bulgakova, Elena Abashova, Valentina Borodina, Tatyana Tral
Phytoestrogen resveratrol exhibits pleiotropic properties due to its estradiol-like structure. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of resveratrol in treatment of hormonal disorders associated with PCOS. These properties were investigated by Zhang et al. on the experimental model of Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of natural phytoalexin in dosages of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg was evaluated. Based on this study, resveratrol was shown to be effective in restoration of ovarian morphological structure in rats, increasing expression of aromatase and nesfatin-1 receptors in ovarian tissue, increasing levels of estradiol and adiponectin in blood plasma [18]. In addition, a number of studies have also demonstrated the effectiveness of resveratrol in management of PCOS, but the results of these studies were mainly aimed at evaluating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of this compound [19,20].
Nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach: recent advances to combat pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Marjan Talebi, Eleni Kakouri, Mohsen Talebi, Petros A. Tarantilis, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Selen İlgün, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Saeed Samarghandian
Regarding clinical trials, resveratrol is a phytoalexin with vast therapeutic and biological effects. Resveratrol is known to modify AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α, metabolic regulators that have been exposed to be elaborate in the initiation of neurological disorders. Resveratrol mitigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), increased IL-4, and attenuated Aβ42 and Aβ40. While resveratrol was presented to be metabolized rapidly, the restrictive reason for its bioavailability, abundant amounts of resveratrol and its metabolites were observed in the CSF, demonstrating its capacity to magnificently penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [132]. Moreover, resveratrol abrogated Aβ aggregation by modulating ubiquitin-like protein (UBL)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) participating in proteostasis [133]. Regarding nutrigenomic studies resveratrol could act on SIRT and forkhead box (FoxA) genes, through Nrf2/ARE and MAPK participated in ROS detoxification [134].
Gastroprotective effect of leaf extract of two varieties grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) native wild and cultivar grown in North of Tunisia against the oxidative stress induced by ethanol in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Nabil Saadaoui, Asma Weslati, Taha Barkaoui, Ikram Khemiri, Wafa Gadacha, Abdelaziz Souli, Moncef Mokni, Mounira Harbi, Mossadok Ben-Attia
Stilbenic phytoalexins were extracted from 50 mg of freez-dried powder with 1 mL of methanol: water 85% (v/v). Each sample was vortexed and then incubated at room temperature under agitation for 2 h and then centrifuged for 15 min at 15000 g. The supernatant of each sample was dried under a stream of nitrogen and the residue obtained was solubilized with 1 mL of methanol, filtered through 0.22 µm PTFE filters. Stilbenes were analyzed by an Acquity™ UPLC system (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) with a gradient of 10–90% acetonitrile over 7 min at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min−1. The column was an Acquity™ UPLC BEH C18 1.7 µm 2.1 × 100 mm, heated to 30 °C. Stilbenes were detected with a fluorimeter Acquity (Waters) at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm with an emission wavelength of 375 nm. The identification and quantification of phytoalexines were made with reference to their retention times and by using calibration with external standards.