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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
Three major naturally occurring stilbenes—resveratrol, piceatannol and pterostilbene (Figure 22.4)—were assessed for their 5-LOX inhibitory activity against the reference compound, Zileuton. Resveratrol is a compound found in more than 70 plant species and was first identified in Vitis vinifera L. (Figure 22.5A). On the contrary, piceatannol was found only in few plants such as Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L., Cassia garretiana Craib and Rheum undulatum L. A natural resveratrol analog pterostilbene is found in grapes and blueberries, and it was first identified as a dominant compound in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Maurya and Ray, 1984). Piceatannol, as well as pterostilbene, exerted good 5-LOX inhibitory activity in the cell-free enzymatic assay (IC50 = 1.1 and 3.9 µM, respectively), as well as in cell-based assay, in which their activity (IC50 = 0.24 and 0.53 µM, respectively) surpassed the activity of Zileuton (IC50 = 1.1 µM) (Boccellino et al., 2019). On the other hand, an IC50 value of resveratrol in the cell-free assay was above 10 µM, while in cell-based assay it reached an IC50 of 4.9 µM, which was comparable to the IC50 values reported earlier (Werz, 2007).
Lymphstasis, Inflammation and Atherogenesis – Connecting the Dots
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Supplements: It is wise to periodically get a metabolic profile to see if there are any vitamin, fat or protein deficiencies. Several supplements are necessary and notoriously insufficient. For example, 50% of the population has inadequate magnesium intake and 70% of the people aged 65 and over are deficient, which is necessary in over 300 metabolic processes.70,71 Vitamin D is a pro-hormone that is necessary not only for creation of metabolites, but is also anti-inflammatory and seems to be effective in diminishing Covid infections when found at higher levels in the population.76,77 Pterostilbene, a substance similar to resveratrol and quercetin (only much more absorbable and effective), is an active ingredient in blueberries that promotes health.78 Since targeted nutritional supplementation is widely discussed in this textbook, any personal queries should be explored and discussed with your healthcare provider to help support your health.
Micronutrients in Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Cancer
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Pterostilbene (Pter, a dimethoxylated analog of resveratrol) that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities reduce Nrf2 activity and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system such as cytoprotective enzymes leading to apoptosis of melanoma cells in vivo and in human pancreatic cancer cells growing in athymic mice. These effects of Pter are associated with decreased production of glucocorticoid. Treatment of melanoma cells with corticosterone or genetically induced overexpression of Nrf2 abolished the Pter-induced growth-inhibition and reduction in antioxidant defense system.60
Psidium cattleianum fruit extract prevents systemic alterations in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison with metformin effects
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Juliane De Souza Cardoso, Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira, Julia Eisenhardt De Mello, Mayara Sandrielly Soares De Aguiar, Pathise Souto Oliveira, Juliane Torchelsen Saraiva, Marcia Vizzotto, Fabiane Borelli Grecco, Claiton Leoneti Lencina, Roselia Maria Spanevello, Rejane Giacomelli Tavares, Francieli Moro Stefanello
The TyG index is a marker for the assessment of IR and is better than the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. As an increased TG level is an important risk factor, it is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk. The TG and glucose measurements and the definition of TyG index represent glycemic control and cardiovascular status simultaneously (Selvi et al.2021). In this study, the TyG index values increased in the T2DM/V group compared to that in the control group, which was prevented by PCE. In a study conducted by De Morais et al. (2021), pterostilbene, a polyphenol from the stilbene family (already available commercially) was effective in restoring the TyG index, in addition to changes indicative of oxidative stress in animals fed a sucrose solution. However, the effect per se of this polyphenol was not observed in any of the parameters. Moreover, pterostilbene did not reverse the weight gain but promoted greater weight gain than that in the CT group, corroborating the effect of PCE on this metabolic parameter. It is important to note that pterostilbene does not restore the number and size of hepatocytes (De Morais et al.2021). Therefore, PCE seems to be more beneficial than compounds already available today, because in addition to the various effects observed in this study, our research group has observed that when administered (including to control animals), the beneficial effects in relation to glycemic parameters, lipids, oxidative stress, and liver function remain relevant (Cardoso et al.2018, Oliveira et al.2018).
Pterostilbene pre-treatment reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury through activating NR4A1
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Ying Li, Shu-Min Wang, Xing Li, Chang-Jun Lv, Ling-Yun Peng, Xiao-Feng Yu, Ying-Jian Song, Cong-Jie Wang
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene, PTE) is a common polyphenol compound that exists in certain plant foods, such as nuts and berries, and is particularly abundant in blueberries (Mccormack and Mcfadden 2013). PTE was found to be pharmacological safe because it showed no organ-specific or systemic toxicity, including tissue histopathologic examination and regular haematology and clinical chemistry data (Obrador et al. 2021). A previous study reported that the protective effects of PTE against certain diseases, such as in attenuation of vascular disease, may be based on its antioxidant activity (Park et al. 2018). Another previous study also revealed that pre-treatment PTE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in chronic liver-related diseases (Chen et al. 2017). Recently, researchers have found PTE exerts protective effects on sepsis-induced ALI in a rat model via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway (Xue and Li 2020). Interestingly, PTE pre-treatment could inhibit the inflammatory response and oxidative stress for LPS induced ALI by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway (Zhang et al. 2020). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of PTE on preventing ALI are not completely clear.
Mucins, gut microbiota, and postbiotics role in colorectal cancer
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Ramesh Pothuraju, Sanjib Chaudhary, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Sukhwinder Kaur, Hemant K. Roy, Michael Bouvet, Surinder K. Batra
Phytochemicals are secondary plant metabolites that constitute dietary fiber which are poorly metabolized in the upper gastro-intestinal tract and modulate the intestinal microbiota in colon such as Akkermansia muciniphila, resulting in prevention of intestinal inflammation in mice.41,42 Supplementation of Akkermansia in the high-fat diet-fed mice restores the lipopolysaccharide mediated gut permeability and leakage and preserves the intestinal mucus layer thickness.43 In addition to promoting anti-inflammation, treatment of polyphenols extracted from blueberries and olive oil also showed significant inhibition of growth in CRC cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) along with induction of cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.44,45 Administration of phytochemical pterostilbene (structurally similar to resveratrol) decreased tumors in colon along with reduction of β-catenin and cyclin-D1 markers in chemically induced (Azoxymethane, AOM) CRC mice model.46 Further, pterostilbene also led to decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-4 in mucosa suggesting its potential role in CRC prevention.46 Taken together, phytochemicals and their microbial metabolites could be used as a complementary therapy against CRC while, its importance toward clinical trials depends on individual gut microbial composition.