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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
Eight naturally occurring prenylated stilbenoids, isolated from leaves and twigs of Macaranga siamensis S.J. Davies, wood and bark of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A. Zorn) Fosberg, (Figure 22.5B) and A. heterophyllus Lam., were tested for their ability to inhibit 5-LOX and COXs in cell-free assays. From these, three compounds (macasiamenenes A-B, and 2,6-diprenyl-resveratrol) showed dual COX/5-LOX inhibitory activity, which was remarkable on 5-LOX and COX-1, and rather moderate on COX-2. Their IC50 values were around 1 µM on 5-LOX and between 0.4 µM and 0.9 µM on COX-1, while on COX-2 they were between 4.7 µM and 14.7 µM (Hosek et al., 2019).
Nutraceuticals and Brain Disorders
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Akshada Atul Bakliwal, Vijay Sharadkumar Chudiwal, Swati Gokul Talele
Stilbenes are a class of cancer prevention agents having a similar concoction skeleton of a diaryl ethene, which is a hydrocarbon comprising of a trans/cis-ethene twofold bond substituted with a phenyl bunch on both carbon particles of the twofold bond. The name “stilbene” was gotten from the Greek word “stilbos,” which signifies “sparkling.” Many stilbenes and their derivates (stilbenoids) are normally present in plants (dietary organic products or herbs).
Pharmacological Properties of Mulberry (Morus Alba)
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Various active metabolites including prenylated flavonoids and benzofurans have been reported earlier from this plant with pharmacological actions, such as inhibition of lipooxygenase-1 (LOX-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), antioxidant, cytotoxicity, hepatoprotection, invasion and migration of cancer cells, and excellent glycosidase inhibitory action due to several alkaloids.7 The extract of mulberry leaves contains rutin, isoquercetin, several derivatives of kaempferol, and quercetin glycosides that exhibit strong antioxidant action.5 Albanol-A compound isolated from root bark indicated significant potential to treat leukemia.16 Also steppogenin-4′-O-β-d-glucoside, moracin-M, and mulberroside-A compounds showed positive hypoglycemic effects.33 Mulberroside-A, a glycosylated stilbenoid, can be used to treat gout and hyperuricemia.17,28
Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibition: A potential target for treatment of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural and Synthetic compounds
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Shubham Batra, Prabhjeet Kaur Bamrah, Manjusha Choudhary
The widespread growth of a Gnetum gnemonoides species can be found across Southeast Asia and the Pacific, including New Guinea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. It is reported to contain stilbenoids, which exhibit biological qualities as antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and enzyme inhibitory action. Bronchitis, asthma, and arthritis have all been treated with this species as a kind of traditional medicine [68]. Gnetum gnemonoides include several stilbenoids that have been isolated, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, and isorhapontigenin have been shown SGLT inhibitory activity. Gneyulins A and B, two stilbene trimmers made up of oxyresveratrol constituent units, demonstrated modest inhibitory activity against SGLT1 and SGLT2, whereas Noidesols A and B, two dihydroflavonol-C-glucosides, had no SGLT inhibitory potential [12].
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Anuri Shah, Jianfei Chao, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is a stilbenoid synthesized by the hydrolytic activation of Mulberroside A, a compound found primarily in the root of Morus Alba (white mulberry). OXY is a hydroxyl derivative of its well-known counterpart, resveratrol (RES) (Figure 2). Several reports have demonstrated the enhanced antioxidant effects of OXY over RES [32,33]. Apposite to PD, we have previously shown the neuroprotective effects of OXY on reducing apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell line [34]. This study also revealed a wider therapeutic window of OXY compared to RES. While the protective roles of RES against 6-OHDA-induced inflammation [35] and oxidative stress [36] have been reported, higher concentrations of RES are known to induce ER stress [37]. To our knowledge, the effects of OXY on ER stress are still unclear. Pinostilbene (PINO), a methylated derivative of RES also exerts neuroprotection against 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress [38]. Based on these properties of the different stilbenes, we hypothesized that OXY exerts inhibitory effects on ER stress in experimental PD. For this purpose, we used two different ER stress models of PD; one triggered by the dopaminergic toxin, 6-OHDA, and one initiated by the oligomerization of mutant α-syn. We also aimed to compare the effects of OXY with RES and PINO in these models. Assessing the effects of stilbenoids on ER stress-mediated neurodegeneration will give better insights into their mechanism of action and extent of neuroprotection.
Natural compounds as inhibitors of transthyretin amyloidosis and neuroprotective agents: analysis of structural data for future drug design
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Lidia Ciccone, Nicoló Tonali, Susanna Nencetti, Elisabetta Orlandini
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) (RES) ( (Figure 12)) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of RES in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts108. Its molecular structure shares the common architecture of CAPE analogues, with two aromatic rings separated by a linker. RES is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compoun87,109 and it has potential beneficial activities in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease)110,111, including ATTR58. It has been reported that the neuroprotection effect of RES preserves the functionality of neuronal cell112. As previously mentioned for naringenin, also RES, in neuronal cells, increases the level of neuroglobin, a neuroprotective protein discovered in 200087.