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Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Pharmacognosy was earlier dealt exclusively with the study of drugs derived from terrestrial plants and animals. However, it was in the 1950s that marine organisms were identified as an excellent source of new biologically active compounds. Later in 1960s, the effective exploration for tapping the marine organisms was studied as a source of bioactive metabolites that may be directly utilized as drugs or serve as lead structures for drug development [104]. Since then,>14,000 unique natural compounds have been described [182] with hundreds of additional compounds being discovered annually [85]. Out of these compounds reported till now, 30% of these have been isolated from sponges. Despite four decades of intensive research, marine pharmacognosy is still considered a relatively younger field with only a fraction of organisms has so far been investigated [71] compared to terrestrial pharmacognosy. However, recent developments in this field show that marine environment can potentially provide us with an even more structurally diverse array of biocompounds in future.
Pharmogenology: The Industrial New Drug Development Process
Published in Gary M. Matoren, The Clinical Research Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020
Many medicinal agents have survived from antiquity; their genesis, no doubt, lies in the random search by the scientifically naive for natural substances with the ability to heal or ameliorate pain. A meaningful pharmacopoeia of primitive but nonetheless useful medicines characterizes every historical culture (5). Each pharmacognosy reflects the environmental opportunities and the prevalance of certain diseases. Some medicaments appear to have been discovered and used in antiquity, then lost to subsequent civilizations, only to be rediscovered at later times. The point is that the random screening process has led to drug discovery through the ages and still contributes importantly today.
Plant-Based Secondary Metabolites for Health Benefits
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Monika Sharma, Jyotsana Dwivedi, Bhanu Kumar, Bramhanand Singh, A. K. S. Rawat
For developing these products based on natural sources: Identification of source, isolation of bioactive compounds, and characterization of natural products are important aspects based on scientific details of pharmacognosy. On broad perspective, natural source of the bioactive compounds can be from all biological kingdoms of plants and animals, and markedly they can be plants, fungi, marine invertebrates, and bacteria.18 On the basis of source of natural products, these are broadly grouped in four categories,18 such as natural products from plant origin,natural products from microorganisms,natural products from marines, andnatural products from animal sources.
Assessment of pharmacy students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herbal dietary supplements
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Sarah A. Nakhal, Souraya A. Domiati, Mohamed E. K. Amin, Abdalla M. El-Lakany
The current study revealed a variation in student’s knowledge and attitude toward herbal and dietary supplements. Concerning their use, the percentage of pharmacy students who ever used herbal dietary supplements (47.5%) weighed the percentage found in the general Lebanese population (35%) such as reported by El Khoury et al.9 This reflects the global increase in herbal and dietary supplements consumption due to the anecdotal belief that herbal preparations are natural and therefore safe.1 According to students’ opinion, all dietary herbal products must be proven safe and effective before being marketed and once they are on the market they must be monitored by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. Consequently, having a good background on the safety of herbal supplements, the students offer them to their family and friends by 82% as well as to patients by 76% of students. Nevertheless, safety concern has been raised nowadays on the safety of these products due to adulterations detected by authorities. In Saudi Arabia, community pharmacists had a concern regarding the safety of the extensive use of these herbal remedies.11 In Lebanon, in 2011, 34 weight-loss dietary supplements sold in the pharmacies were analyzed by GC–MS. Results revealed that the majority contained undeclared components such as sibutramine, phenolphthalein, or caffeine.12 Accordingly, pharmacognosy lectures should not only cover basic information on herbal and dietary supplements but should also prepare the pharmacists to select the proper product in order to maintain patient safety.
The therapeutic potential of psilocybin: a systematic review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Jan van Amsterdam, Wim van den Brink
This psychedelic renaissance [19] comes at a time in which research on mental disorders did not result in any ‘breakthrough’ medications. This is understandable because the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex system and CNS-drugs lack high specificity. In the past, most, if not all, currently used drugs with an effect on the brain were discovered mainly based on serendipity. In contrast, the scientific discipline pharmacognosy tries to develop new drugs based on supposedly successful experiences with natural products, like herbs, leaves, and nuts used in folk or traditional medicine, but again with little success until now. Moreover, developing new drugs requires huge investments. Because of the high level of difficulty and complexity in developing new and effective drugs to treat mental disorders, one cannot understand why regulatory parties should frustrate research on scheduled substances, like psilocybin, which have been identified as therapeutically promising.
Crataegus Aronia protects and reverses vascular inflammation in a high fat diet rat model by an antioxidant mechanism and modulating serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Abdullah S. Shatoor, Suliman Al Humayed, Mahmoud A. Alkhateeb, Khalid A. Shatoor, Hussain Aldera, Mohammed Alassiri, Ali A. Shati
This study was carried out at the College of Medicine of King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia. Aerial C. aronia including stems, flowers and leaves (with no roots) were purchased in January 2017, from a local licensed herbal plant supplier market (Kabatilo Natural products store) in Jordan (Middle-east), where the collection records indicated that the plant was dried and preserved naturally for only 1 month. The plant was identified by Hesham Solaiman, a professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy at the College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University based on an available voucher specimen. The aqueous extract was prepared at the pharmacognosy laboratories in the College of Pharmacy in accordance with our previously published method (Shatoor 2011, 2013; Shatoor et al. 2012). In brief, the dried plant material was ground to a powder and extracted by maceration using distilled water (1 kg/1 L, w/v) for 3 days at 37 °C. The extract was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The resulting residue (40 g) was stored at 4 °C. The residue was reconstituted in distilled water to a final concentration of 200 mg/mL and used in this study.