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Common Medicines from Herbs, Minerals and Animal Sources
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Emblica officinale has been stated to have antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-atherosclerotic, antitriglyceride, cardio-protective, adaptogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. The antioxidant activity was ascribed to vitamin C–like chemicals which are gallic acid, emblicanin A, punigluconin, emblicanin B and pedunculagin (Variya et al., 2016).
Bioactive Constituents in Indian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Recognized for Brain Health Benefits
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Deepak Mundkinajeddu, Amit Agarwal, Gururaja Giligar Manjunatha, Vineet Kumar Singh
Tannin-enriched fraction from fresh juice extract containing constituents such as emblicanin A and emblicanin B, punigluconin, pedunculagin, rutin, and gallic acid increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and lipid peroxidase activities in rat brain frontal, cortical, and striatal areas (Bhattacharya et al., 2000). Further tannin-enriched fraction was investigated via the Nrf2 (Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2)-ARE pathway and demonstrated its usefulness in attenuating cognitive impairment in rats (Husain et al., 2018). These studies indicated that the tannin-enriched fraction of the fruits has memory-enhancing activity and the tannins could be the active constituents of Amla that contribute to the brain health benefits. However, no work has been attempted on the individual compounds of the tannin-enriched fraction.
Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Arterial Stiffness
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Tess De Bruyne, Lynn Roth, Harry Robberecht, Luc Pieters, Guido De Meyer, Nina Hermans
In a crossover trial in an overweight population, daily walnut consumption (56g/d) improved FMD of the brachial artery from baseline together with a reduction in SBP (n = 46; 8 weeks) (Katz et al., 2012). The principal polyphenols in walnut are ellagitannins, mainly pedunculagin (Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2017).
Phytonutrient Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2/NSP5-Encoded Main Protease (Mpro) Autocleavage Enzyme Critical for COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Sreus A. G. Naidu, Yamini B. Tripathi, Priya Shree, Roger A. Clemens, A. Satyanarayan Naidu
In-silico studies identified several tannin hydrolysates such as Pedunculagin, Tercatain, and Castalin to interact with the receptor-binding domain and catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) of SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro through H-bonding forces (75). Among these tannins, Pedunculagin bound to the catalytic dyad with high-affinity, excellent docking score, and ADMET profile. Pedunculagin, Tercatain, and Castalin are commonly found in pomegranates, walnut, Indian gooseberry, oak wood, leaves of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Terminalia catappa, and Combretum glutinosum (76).
Inhibition of protein phosphatase-1 and -2A by ellagitannins: structure-inhibitory potency relationships and influences on cellular systems
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Zoltán Kónya, Bálint Bécsi, Andrea Kiss, Dániel Horváth, Mária Raics, Katalin E. Kövér, Beáta Lontay, Ferenc Erdődi
The above data all together suggest that moderately increased rigidity in the ellagitannins by formation preferably a 4,6 hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit is in favour of higher phosphatase inhibitory potency, but certain flexibility of the ellagitannin molecules are still required to exert effective inhibitory influence. The latter is justified by the effect of pedunculagin which represent a more rigid structure than the other ellagitannins with two hexahydroxydiphenoyl units and proved to be the weakest inhibitor. Based on NMR STD analysis the aromatic rings of the galloyl units may play an important role in the interaction of ellagitannins with the hydrophobic groove of the substrate binding pocket of PP1c. Previous results suggested that the hydroxyls of the galloyl or flavanol units, as in case of PGG or EGCG, participated also in strengthening the interaction toward PP1c by forming multiple hydrogen bonding12. This was not verified experimentally here with the ellagitannins, but phenolic hydroxyls in polyphenolic compound are suggested to bind to many protein targets28, therefore it is reasonable to assume that the galloyl hydroxyls in ellagitannins can also be involved in similar interaction patterns with PP1c. It is to note, however, that while interactions of the ellagitannins and their inhibitory features are quite similar to PGG (and possibly to other gallotannins) they exert much lower inhibitory influence on PP2Ac than PGG. It is reflected in the higher selectivity ratio of ellagitannins (1: 80/97) for PP1c: PP2A compared to that of PGG (1:17). Reasons for these findings are not clear yet, however, this difference might be due to the limited availability of the hydrophobic surface of PP2A for the ellagitannin molecules, similar to that was hypothesised for the weak interaction of PP2Ac with EGCG based on the 3 D structure of PP2Ac29 and molecular docking studies12.